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About Hari Prasad Prasad Sedhayn
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sfhlqmof l;4fP . ofjt sd{ e/tn] vKg g;ls /fIf;L :jefjsL s}s]O{nfO{ cfdfnfO{
5f]l8 e/t /fdsf] kfO{nf k5fpb} uP . t/ /fdn] e/tnfO{ kmsf{O{ lbP . To; kl5
e/tn] sf}zNojlt nfO{ /fd ;+u 5f]l8 lbP . l;tfnfO{ jgaf;df Hofb} b'v eP klg /fdn] !$ aif{ jgjf; glGbu|ddf /fd jl;
cflq Clifsf] a[4 klt klTg l;t /fgL sf}zNojltn] dfof lk|lt a9fO{ sf}zNojltn]
zl//df c+lu/f r9fO{g o;/L cof]Wofsf08sf]
Znf]s !–@* d /fj0fs[t /fdfo0fdf / u'Ktjf; al; 3/ hfg] atfPsf] kfO{G5 .
kz'kltsf] :t'tL
kz'kltsf kfFrd'v
klZrd d'v ;b\of]hft pQ/f]d'v jfdb]j
blIf0fd'v c3f]/t]h k"j{d'v tTk'?if ..
pWj{d'v O{zfg tTj kfFrd'vx?sf] j0f{g
ug'{ z'e ;fem cfkmgf lktf k'vf{ ;+Demgf ..
ljBf]a|Dx ;dfg ;]t uf}b'w lkm+h ;dfg .
sflGt eid}sfd} b'a} ldn] lkt gog ..
HjfnfbL k+lst gog a|Dxf O{Gb|bL sg .
d?tfbL u0fx?n] u5{g\ ;w} :t'lt k"hg ..
klZrd d'v} s+ns /lxt} u5{' d ;w}
k"hg ..
pQ/f]d'v jfdb]jsf] k|fy{gf M
d:tsdf clt c;n ufnf 5 k08';/lb;f .
rGb}sf] k|ltljDj ;'Gb/ xl; lgnf] gog zf]let ..
ef}6]8f] u/L x]/bf 5g\ gog k"0f} rGbf ;dfg .
pQ/f]d'v lzjsf] ;]js d,b u5'{ ;w}
jGbgf ...
blIf0fd'v c3f]/t]hsf] k|fy{gf M
sfnf] Tof] e|d/f ;dfg ?kn] JoKt} 5 h;sf] lz/ .
blIf0f tkm{ a;]/ /f}/ df]xsf] 6]9f] u/L x]/bf ..
nfu]sf uxgf lt gfux?sf] 5g\ Tof] lgnf] s07df .
lz/df 5g\ cWf{rGb| b'j}y/L xftdf 5 8d? lqz'n ..
To:tf >L lzjsf] u5'{ d ;w} aGbgf =================...
k"j{d'v tTj:j?ksf] k|fy{gf M
ljh'nL afbn clUg :j0f{ c?0f ldl>t t]h .
tfdf ;/L pu|?k afns lku+nsf ..
;k{ ;jf/ h;sg ;fy}df ;bf .
/xg] zlSt lt kfj{tL lnG5g\ ;bf
;fydf ..
lz/af6 aUbl5g\ 5g\ u+uf d'lStbfos .
k|f0f :j?k lzjsf] d u5'{ ;w} ;Demgf ..
pWj{d'v O{zfgsf] k|fy{gf M
v'n]sf] gv'n]sf] d'v} 5 h;sf] if8lj+zf] tTjfbLn] .
Tof] eGbf cl3 gfz gx'g] Wofg ub{5g\ of]l] ..
tfdfzn] /lxt} dg} 5 h;sf] z'idfbL z'id} gog .
o:tf :j?k lzjsf] afr'Gh]n d u5{' ;bf ;Demgf ..
k"j{h M
a;] af; lxdjT; v08sf] l;Gw'sf lxdw'
ag] lxGb' ;+sfodf sd{bf glb 5]p ljk'
aflx/sf l/k' eP z:qn] nl8 ;S5 dfGf{'
cft b]xdf sld eP s;/L ;+;f/ tfg'{ ..
cdnlkQfdf km]/L xf8df 3fp g} eP
slJhot x'bf /f]u hnf]b/ olb eP
u'bf/f]u x'bf sfd :jd'q klg ub{5
lzjhL ul/kfg lzjfDj' Tof] 7x5{ ..
c?nfO{ df/] egL v';x'g] cfkmg} ls6f0f'n]
vfO{ laT5 p r'l; dfl/ ;a laifQm lhjf0f'n]
k|s[tL ;fysL zlQm lhafGt bfg} lbgfn]
afrL lb3f{o"df latf]; sfn ;]9fO{ hgn] ..
cfvf sfg tyf bGt ;'/lIft agfpg
5fnfsf] rfx'/L hfG5 ufnf k'i6 ePdf
cfssf] b'wdf l3p ufO{sf] /fVg' kb{5
j];l/ 3f]lnP kl5 lr;f]df /fVg' kb{5
clg O{lGb|odf bNg' Psnfn a/a/
gk';+stf klg x'G5 k'?ifyL{ ;/j/ ..
xn]bf] slDt eP b]lv k'lbgf Kofhn] klg
ld7f] lgGb|f lbg] u5{ 8l08kmf]/ ePklg
lrlgsf] n]kn] df:5ufgf] uld{ eg]klg
lqkq l;dln vfg' kflg ;fy ePklg ..
vfO{ l98f] u'Gb|'s lj/ kf}/lv xft z/ ;a}
g}tLstf ;':s[t lzIffhg k|]ddf nIo lo ;a}
;RrfO{ Gofo lbO{ ;dfhsf] k|s[tL ljsf; 5fpnf
:jfnlDjjlg ul/aL x6fpb} g]t[Tj ;]9fO{ hftL kfpnf ..
xn]bf] bfFtdf /fVg' hxf bb{ 5 bGtsf]
sk'/ Tofxf /fVg' hxf Kjfn 5 bGtsf]
jl/kl/ ldnfP/ sk'/ cs{tnf
r'0f{n] bft dNg' k5{ lg/Gt/
dg cfgGbdf /fVg] zl// :j:Yo /fVg]
t]h a'l4 tyf ;'l4 /QmnfO agfpg]
O{R5f l;l4 x'gnfO{ ultjfg agfpg]
;a} hLjsf dfu{ /fd|f] ;+u v'nfpg] ..
clN5 /f]u / d'VofO{ b]xaf6 x6fpg]
kljq Cbo kfg]{;fwfgf ug{ nufpg]
sfdsf] gfd xf] of]u To;}n] ug'{kb{5
o:sf] ;fwfgf ug]{n] of]lusf] dfg kfp5 ..
xft dfly p7fP/ cf}nf@ p7fpg'
3fl6 tGsfO{ s's'Rr tf8f;gdf tGsfpg'
:jf; c9fP s]lx j]/ l:y/ l;wf cljrng x'g'
:jf; lj:tf/} 5f]8]/ s's'Rrf 6]Sg Nofpg' ..
b'a} v'§f ;+u} hf]l8 gd:t] ug'{kb{5
xft g5'6fO{ k5fl8 ;"o{e]bLd n}hfg'
ca Go'/L b'a} v'§f xftn] 5'g' kb{5
kfn}kfnf] b'a} v'§f kl5 n}hfg' kb{5 ..
u/L ;befj eft[Tjsf] a[l4df wd{ ;+:s[tL
snf k/Dk/f Jojxf/df x6fO{ k'/gf s'?tL
xl; d'v pHofnf uf]/f ljz'4 Pstfn]
;dy/ ufpmj];Ldf a;] af; ;]9fO{n] ..
aGw'sf] ckgTJf cg'e't ;[hgf lasf;sf]
o'jf phf{jfg ldxg]tL o'jtL slt hf]zsf]
aGw'Tjsf] ;'rgf dfu{bz{s lktfk"vf{sf]
kl/jt{g cy{ lasf;n] ;Ddfg ufpsf] ..
k|dfb ul7nf 1fgsf k'/f /xbf ul/lj,
aGw'Tjdf dl/hfg] clË/; uf]qLo sl/j
hf]zL,pkfWo,zdf{ n]lvlbg] k'/ftg}
/fi6« lgdf{0f / ;]jfdf lyP nDh'Ë} ..
hf]ltif vf]hljg cg';Gwfg n]v] hf]zL
gf]s/L lxdjT; ef/tv08 s'dfp jf;L
;]/fsf]t o'lk ef/tdf jl; k"j{h cfPsf
zfxfsfnsf] ozf]a|Dxfn] hf]ltifdf NofPsf ..
z]/fj]l; df}hfkfO{ lrtfPsf] lrltdf a;]
sf]lx sfd laif]z g]kfn Plss/0fdf ljb]l;P
k"j{ c;fd klZrd s'dfpu9jfnsf aGw'
P]ltxfl;s lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{df l/l;jL g;fWg' ..
;dfh ljv08gdf gnflu bz} ltxf/ s'n dfGg'
lasf; 3/ufFpd} 5 ljXn alg k5f}6] g7fGg'
hj 3fd pbfp5 kxfl/nf]df 3/ agfpg'
c:t ;"o{nfO{ k5fpb} ;"o{ kv{b} lj>fd ug'{ ..
=
s'dfp M
af; lzIff lbg' kl/>dL ;fy 5f]/L a'xf/Ldf
ax'klTg / k/l:qdf g/dfpg' /fd|} 5fofdf
cf/dbflo algg' ljafx pT;j ;a sd{df
aGw'Tjdf Hofg} hf]lvld afx]ssf snxdf ..
l;h{glzn alg kf}9, k|fljlws lzIff :jfnlDj
pGgt ljp dn,;d'xs[t v]lt pGgt k|ljlw
;Nnfx ;'emfj dfof ddtfsf] lbO{ c? k|sf;
;'vzflGt d]nf kj{ ;s/fTds ;b]wfj ljtf]; ..
lbO{ ;+:sf/ s'nsf] lhjg ;'vdo ;f]r
hft gf/L k'?if xf] ;dfh ;+:s[tL lar
lnO{ ;as /fi6«sf] ;]jfu|fxL ;To d"9
d'vkfq algg' cu|h ;w} efjgf k|uf9 ..
lrtL M
/fdsf] lqm8fe"ld of] /fdrf]s k#g+ lrtL
a;fO{#)) aif{ @$ k':tfsf ;]9fO{ cltly
zfxj+lzo /fhfsf Hof]ltif u c ;]/fj]l;sf
8f]of /fHo lj:tf/ qmddf s'dfp efuL uPsf ..
cu|]hn] sf7df08f} cfqmd0fdf g]kfn k|j]z
eflu kmf}h oqtq g'jfsf]6jf6 lj/ Hof]ltif
kGt kf8] l;njfn sF8]n ltjf/L lji6 y/
uf}nL,kf7s,s]l;,vlgof,a'nf{sf]6L,bg}sf 3/..
lrn'jfn,cGo ljljw hftsf aw';fy 3/
a;fO{ s[lif{sd{n] ufO{ a:t' r/g ;]9fO{ y/
lax]jf/L x'g] rf8 sNof0f :jrl/q w/
al; cf]efgf] ;dlztf]i0f jfo"sf] k|v/ ..
d:of{ËbL bf]bL{ gbL lar lrlt nDh'Ë
lrlt alg blIf0f ufp j];L z]/f :yfg
!#) 3/w'/L v/ l6g h:tfn] agfO{
xl;nf 76\of}nf algtf ;]9fO{ /dfO{ ..
hg;+Vof lzIff k]zf cfw'lgs cg]sfg
lemnLldln 5 cfkmg} aGw'n] oTgdxfg
c? hftL y/ ;a} ldln afr] ;'rgf ;fv
k]zf wd{ g5f]8] glbO{ s;}nfO{ xfs ..
s6'tf gaf]Ng] km/fl;nf ;fdflhs ag]
k|fljlws lzIffg} phfu/ b]z k|]d u/]
gfgLx? lahodfg cfo'idlt wld{0fL
u[x:y algtf ;'wf kf]l6nf ulel0fL ..
;Gtfg lbO{ x/bd x6fO{ df]x ;Gtfk
cxf] lrlt ;3g} al:t af; ckf/
e]l6G5 ;Tj /h tdf] u'0fn] ;fx/f
agj'6f ntf kmnflb cGg clt cfx/f ..
u/L ;'rgf sd{bf glb b]znfO{ l;+rg
;';fpl5g axlnb} ;]9fO{ :jR5 dg
u8u8fO{ d]3dfnf 6sdsfpg] tf/f
kmls{ x]/L b]p aGw' hnflw zlQm ckf/ ..
Toflu w'd|kfg dBkfg j+zdf gb]p
elg clG5 lr;fkflg ;fd'Gg] a'lemBf}
lg/If/ af cfdf ul/lj l;tsf] v/fgL
xfl; d5{ ;b/d'sfdsf] lkr l;/fgL ..
lzIff a9f]Q/Ldf hg;+Vof g6'qmfp
phfu/ u/ /f]h} 3/ b}nf] ltd|f] /dfp
hfp k/b]z d]xg]tn] wg Tof] ;dfp
kms{ 3/ :jR5 dgn] kl/jf/df /dfp
b'v g} ;'v /ft kl5sf] pHofnf] k5fp ..
k|dfb xft afx'n] :jR5 pGgt v]lt pAhfp
l8lx / /fdrf]s j]l;df s[lif hdfp
aga'6f z]/fkmf6df c? kmn kmnfp
3}of sf]bf] ds} /l;nf] cGg Tof] vfp ..
ltnxf/df ;'Gtnf slkmn] ;hfp
aGw' xf] dfosf] ;dfh ltd|} ;dfp
If]lq s]l; x}g hft gf/L k'?if dfq}
l/Q} cfof} /dfof} snfn] hfg' l;Q} ..
z'e ;fem c p d hlk j+zhdf l/Q}
kx/f wg n'sfpb} 5 Tof] kfO{b}g XjfQ}
z'e ;fem hfu|tdf % ldg]6 j+zhnfO{
cfx/f vf]lh r/L kms]{ ;/L a; /dfO{ ..
k"sf{Ë M
;dy/ ;'Vvfg} 5 s'G5f k"sf{Ë ufp
^) 3/sf gfdn] k|l;4 ;dy/ 7fp
cf]efgf],5}g lxnf] w'nf] xfjf x'/L ts
z'e ;fem 3dfOnf] ufp j];L t/]nL ;a ..
sf]bf] kmfk/ ux' hf} wfg df;sf] v]lt
l;l9 rf}t/f la;f}gL nvf} kmFf6 ;d]6L
xf8]6f/ l;dnrf}/ nfdfrf}/ ;'Gtn] ufpm
cfp aGw' xf};nf a9fp Pstf hufp ..
kf]v/fsf] :jf/ ;fnwf/L lz/df ;Nn]/L
b]ljyfg dfly tn hËn kftn e+u]/L
lxpbdf sf]lsn r/f vfG5g cË]/L
ufp ljr xfO{:s'n 5 v]t 5 wo]/L ..
a8x/] 6f/L cf}nLlzv| ;'Gtn] s'G5fdf
a:5g\ j+;h km/flsnf] v;|f 5g xf]8df
6'x'/]k;ndf lzjfnosf] kmfu'k'0f]{ lzj/fqL
cxf]/fq k'hg ljt] xfd|f k"vf{x?sf] lbO{ u'7L ..
ufO{afv|f k/]jf s'v'/f :yflgo hftsf
ul/jLg} 5 alni6 uf]/f 5f]6f lt sbsf
rf]nf] u'Gx' klx/g] /Qm/+lht sfblDjgL
lbg lng x'g] r]nLj]6L 3/sf ;+lhjgL ..
k|fljlws lzIffdf s]lx nfx'/] k/b]lz
;/sf/L ;]jfdf dgUo 5l/P :jb]lz
;f]emf algtf vfg k'U5 s[lifn] dlx
a'emb}gg c?sf s'/f kfO{G5 blx ..
kl/ro M
km/flsnf] k"sf{Ë ufpm a]l; kf]6nf ufO{ a:t'x?
pdfgGbsf ;GttL xfdL !#!& kl5 /fhf hf]ltif
al:t lyof] nfdf ltldN;Lg zfxL 7s'/L xdfn
df}hf ljtf{ kfP ul/vfg] kxfl/nf] k"sf{Ë ufpm ..
5f]/f z]ifsfGtsf rf/ efO{ gf/0fbQ /fdk|;fb
uf}/LsfGt-b]ljbQ_,hDbf/ ;flxnf eGg] xh'/a'jfsf afp
b]ljbQ lyP Gofod"lQ{ If]q sdf08/ klZrd # g{ sf
Clif/fd,/fdbQ,k"0f{bQ / /]lZd/fh rf/efO{sf af ..
l8=Clif/fd sf o1k|;fb / t'n;Lk|;fb b'O{ 5f]/f
pg} o1sf a'l4,lzj,xl/,;"o{ /fds[i0f / lagf]b
d Tolx zfvfsf] xl/k|;fb 5f]/f ldng clg ;'dg
hd'gf >Ldlt cf/f]Uo ;]9fO{ y/sf] z'esfdgf .
v/]nyf]s
sfe|] lhNnf v/]nyf]sdf clt xfd|f aGw'sf
c+lu/f Clifsf ;Gtfg jf;L w/0fLkf}jfsf
w/0f k|f=lj / sdfO{ vfg] ;dy/ hldgdf
cBfjlw kflg lknfO{ sg kf}jf/L s[lifdf ..
a;]y] k"jf{h 5/l5d]s kmf6 a];L ufpdf ..
;dflhs cf]tkf]tsf ;]jf cf>o 7fpdf
r}gk'/ ufpj];Lsf hg>dL lbGy] k|>odf
ldn]sf] ;dfh 76\of}nf aw" ux" uf]/fj0f{
j0f{g'>ddf /x] ;klTg lgof]u ;GttL k"0f{ ..
ul7nf TofuL dg jrgsf xl;nf lt slt
a6'jfklg /dfp5 3'ld r}gk'/ k'u] hlt
k9fO{ k'/f lajflxtf 5f]/f 5f]/L a+z a'xf/L
xTs]nfdf u[x>fd /d] Ps ;t\ k'?if l;xf/L ..
sf]nftL k5{ w'lnv]naf6 #%lsld k"j{df
!%;o ld6/ ;d'lGb| ;tx prfO{ txdf
#)) 3/w'/L 5 j/k/ rr]{ #) 3/ klg
s]fzLkf/L uf]7]kfgLdf %3/ aGw'sf]
5 gL ..
Bf}/fnL,sf]nftL 7"nf] k;]{n cf;kf; ;a
j;fO{ ;/L w'lnv]n cfPsf tYof+s nfut
cxf] s] /+u e/of] x/] k|s[tLn] /DEo 6f/df
k']u hGdg sfe|] n]s j]l; t/]nL kmf6df ..
bfË /flKt t'n;Lk'/df e}/xjf ;alt/ slt
lrtjg,emfkf t]x|y'd tfKn]h'Ë k'u] hlt
e]l6G5 aGw' 5l/Psf d]xg]tL s[lif n6/Dd
rng plx 5 xl;nf df]l6nf ;GttL 8Dd ..
l/; snx 5}g aGw'Tdf Pstf ykL clt
rng plx 5 vfglkgdf u/ eG5' k|utL
bz}df hdf/f nufO{ s'dfO{ egL x]lkbf
Go'g} ePsf hUufdf klg v';n] sl;bf ..
kf5{f]{ jlze"t c?nfO{ ;]tf k+StL bGtn]
hf]lznf km"lt{nf x'gfn] em'lDdG5g sGyn]
;du| hg;+Vofsf] )=@ k|ltzt hg;+Vof
/dfp5g\ ljljw g]kfnL e"efu cTofGt ..
Gjf/fg sd{ M
k'i6 ue{wfg ;sn ule{0fL :qL 3/kl/jf/
:jwld{ /xg;xg k|i6 pj{/f cg'j+lzs 3/
lnkkf]tn] P]kg rf]vf] u/L ufO{ uf]j/n] kf]Tg'
b'jf] t'n;L /QmrGbg k'ik kmn ;fdfu|L vl/bg' ..
afns hGd]sf] 3/df tfdfsf] lbk ;w} aflnlbg'
z'4 t]ne/L 6k/Ln] 9fsL cuh :yfgdf 5f]kLlbg'
z'4 Wo"df ksjfg cfdfnfO{ ?r] hlt vfgf lbg'
b}lgs $ cfxf/ lgGb|f oy]i6df k5{ cfdf ;]lsg' ..
cd[t af]nL xl;d'v 3/kl/jf/n] g/d af]lnlbg'
afnsnfO{ ;]s tfk t]ndf /flv lbks agfpg'
3/ efG5fdf k|of]u ePsf n'uf v/fgLdf ksfpg'
;kmf u/L ;'ts rf]Vofpb} 5}7L efjLsf] k'hg ul/g' ..
k"j{jt\ sdf{bLn] !! lbgdf Gjf/fg z'4 ul/g'
stf{n] k'hf ;fdfu|Lsf ;fy rf]vf] :yfg al;g'
;"o{b]j yflk c3f{ lbO{ km"n clj/ ltn s'z lng'
rf]vf] k'?ifhgn] ;+sNk u/L ux't sf]7f rf]6f 5s{g' ..
sf]/f rfdnsf] lk7f] clj/ /]lvn] j]bL rf]Vofpg'
lnk kf]tn] if6sf]0fdf sf]dnsf] k'ik agfpg'
;fnsf] ;ldwf rfk j]nL rDkfn] a]bL yflkg' ..
!@ OGrsf ;ld3f xjg ug]{ @ jf]xtfdf xf]d ug]{
r/];sf] yfndf$6'qmf s'z@%)u|fd k"0f{kfq rfdn /fVg'
u0f]zsf] k'hf,dfqsf] k'hf sn; cfl;{df yfKg'
@%) u|fd rfdn e/L 6kf/Ldf /flv gju|x yfKg' ..
/Iff dGq k9L gju|x zfGt agfpb} zf:q k9g'
w'k lbk g}j]B e]6Ln] dGq zf:q c? k9g' ..
r/];sf] yfnLdfd km'n a6'sfdf z'4 Wo" /fVg'
@%) u|fd nfx r? wfg rfdn Wo"n] agfpg'
;"kf]n] xf]Db} cfkmgf] z'esfo{ b]j ;+DemL xf]Dg'
klxnf z'4 lk7f] # k6s kl5 r? ;"kf]n] /fVg' ..
z'4 hg} wf/0f u/L 7'nf]n] Gjf/g gfd af]lnlbg'
dflg cfPsf ;a} b]ljb]jtf efsndf x'd ug'{
w'k lbk g}j]B ;lxt ;a}df /IffaGwg aflwg'
stf{n] k'hf cfhf u/L k5{ j+zh rf]Vofpg' ..
blIf0f ;+sNk cleif]sn] ;a} aGw' hg rf]lvg'
;'Ts]/lnfO{ ux't VjfO{ stf{n] ;/f]df 5'jfpg'
aRrf / ;'Ts]/LnfO{ ;"o{ bz{g u/fO{ /Iff ul/lbg'
$ efu l;wf a|Dx0f af]nfO{ gfGbL # k':tf km'sfpg'..
sfo{l;l4 eO{ afls km"n clj/ z]if ;a} a6'nL
dfqf ;]nfpg' s'jf jf wf/fdf stf{n] ;dfnL
hDdf ePsf efO{ aGw' 5/ l5d]s ;adf k|;fbL
r? cGo l6sf blIf0f lbg' l6s km'n oyf;Soflb
lgDtg' afa'sf # k':tf cfdfsf # k':tf tsdf
ljbfO{ ul/ l5d]sL v'; /xg' lzIff r]tgf ;adf ..
Nff~5gf tyf e]befj
;dfg rl/q ePsf JolQmx?sf] ;d'x;Fu 5
hf]l8Psf] gsf/fTds wf/0ff nf~5gf x'G5 .
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hGd M
k|f0fsf] ;jf]{Ts[i6f snf zl// / k|f0f aGof] k|fl0f cf]h
cGg /; /ut df;' jf];f] x•L df;L,ljo{ cf]h t]h
alg ;Dklt :jf:Yo / rl/q ;a} jLo{ af6 dfgj zfQm
ef}lts zl// df r]tg cfTdsf] k|f0f?k k|s[tL k|bQ ..
9fls cfvf sfg gfs lha|f] 5fndf 1gf]lGb|on]
xft kfp jfl0f lnË u'42f/ sd]{lGb|on]
lrQ a'l4 dg cGt;+s/0f lqmofbLx?n]
c+x pbfgk|f0f k|f0f Jofg ;dfg k|f0fn] ..
zAb ;kz{ ?k /; uGw 1gf]lGb|o zlQm laifodf
sfd sd{ cljBf ef]uO{R5fsf x'g sf/0f zl//df
hLjdf jf:g 3l6 k/dfTd hLjdf a9bf af:g kz'
hfu|t :jKg ;'if'lKt t'/lof x'g dg r]tgf ;Gt'ng ..
;'ts / h'7f] M
d/g h:t} eP 3/sf] lnkkf]t t'n;L d7df
;'tfO{ hn>osf] ;+:d/0f sf/0f z/L/sf] d[tsdf
u/L va/efO{ afGwj 5/ l5d]s ;adf
xnafl/ s'6gL lk;gL gu/f} afGwadf ..
zjnfO{ 3/df af;,ef6f aflaof]n] aflwg'
h'6fO{ 3f/f] sfqf] ;anfO{ 6GgSs sl;g'
wGgho k|f0f hfg' k5{ ox lnnf ;dflKtdf
x/] /fd af]nL efO{afGwj a'ls{ 5b]{ 3f6df
nfg' k5{ za af]ls 5f]/fx?n] aflw afF;df ..
g'xfO{ dnfld vfhf gf:tf gl/jn ldl:qdf
kmnkm"n,rf]vf] rfdnsf] /f]l6 ;lAhsf ;fydf
;a t'Noflbg' gf/Ln] ylst dnfdL dfemdf
vfg' dnfldn] z'4 vfgf u'g ;lDem d[tsdf ..
h'7f] jfg'[{ ;lkl08n] !) lbg,rf}w k':tfn] # lbg
cfzf}r afGg'{ ufpn] aGw' /
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hft gf/L k'?if xf] h};L vlq If]qL hf];L ;+uf]nsf]
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d[To' M
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ckdfgn] ..
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e|fGt a'l4af6 b'vsf] e]b hfGg],a'l4n] plrt kydf
hfg' d[To' dfly lahoL x'g' xf] x/ hljfTddf
t;y{ lhjg ljhoL agfpg cd[t kfg 1fgdf
.. cGt:s/0fsf] l:y/tf,lrQfsf] k|zGgtf,ljz'4tf
cfTd cg'e"lt u/L cfkm" leqsf ljsf/ x6fO{ Tofu
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:j?k jf]w lng' xf] tTj 1fgL ..
olx g} d[To'sf] ;fy{stf,lhjgsf] oyfy{tf hGdsf]
a}1flgs cfw/ xf] cw'lgstf Pstf ;dfgtf l;4sf]
lo ;a}sf] la>fd,k|f0fUgL p9L cfTd :j?kdf uO{
d'9 zl// sf] oyfy{ d[To' xf] /xG5 rf]nf abnL eO{ ..
k|fl0fsf] cfefd08n-wGgho jfo"_r]tg zlQm IfL0f eO{ ;dfKt x'g' g}
X[bosf] 9's9'sL k|f0f jfo" aGb x'g' uO{
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lnkkf]tn] hnf>odf ;fl/g' ..
wgGho jfo'-cfefd08n_ hufpg' xf] hLjfTdsf]
çcIf/fltt zAb,cg'e'tLn] lbg] x'G5 zlSt Tof]
t]h-cf}/f,cfef,k|f0f,a|Dx,k|ef,cfsf; d08n, k|sfzx? k|f0fod_
hn>odf /fVg] / xl/ç-cM k[lYj,hn,;[li6tTjx?_
pM -clUg / k|f0f_ dM -cfsf; / hLj tTj_ elgg] ..
lqmof sd{ ljlw M
bfh' efO{ hd36 eO{ ;a ldln dnfdL uO{ 3f6
lbO{ ;'k'qn] t'n;L ltns'; d'vbfualQ lbO{ nfz
jl/kl/ # k6s k|blIf0ff u/L 5fltdf km"n clj/
3;L /QmrGbg z'4 Wo" ;fy bfu alQ lbP/ ..
kf]nL nf;nfO{ v/fgL vfu kfl/ ;kmf lrQfnfO{
g]sf] 6fpsfsf] efu sflz nfg] c:t' agfO{
kms{g' dnfdL ;an] g'xfO{ ;kmfalg aGw'x?
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kfltsf] ufhdf r'/f l;w'/ lj;{hg u/L kms{bfdf
ef/L dg glnO{ lhDd]jf/L a9\of] egL hjfkmb]xLtf ..
yfkL r'g}tL 86\g' sd{7 x'b} g/f]O{ ca cf/Uof]tf
klt eP pg}sf] lgof]u cfh} b]lv 5f]8L ts{gf
k"0f{ ;oldt eO{ kl/jf/ x'sf{pg' kfNg' lxDdtsg
s]/fsf rfgf Wo"df e"6L vfg' g'gljgf p;}u/L ..
laxfg lqmofk'lqx?n] k"hfcfhf u/L sDdndf
a;L Psfu| rf]vf] sd,af]nL ksjfg vfg' Wo"df
lqmofk'qLsf] cuhdf l9s"/f] /f]h} aQL xf8Ldf
glgefpg' t]n ylk lbg' !# lbgtslbO{ bfualQ ..
8fnfdf lgTo lqmofk'lq ;/bfd efO{ afGwj af]sL
h'6fO{ lbg' rf]vf] b}lgs k'hf ;fdfu|L tof/L clt
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;lDemlbg' lbg} lkR5]sf] c~h'nLn] rN5 sfn utL ..
kmnkm"n cf}ifwL ;d]t gvfg' lkO{ ldl>sf8f kflg
gx8a8fpg' o:t} ;+:sf/n] xf] tkfO{ xfld hfg] ..
ux't vfg] / efG5f km'sfO{ lbg' ;lkl08sf] klg
ef]h eTof/ v'jfpg' sf§f] ;d]t ;adf km'sfpg'
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k/b]zdf a;]sf 5'6 ;'tssf ;a efO{ aGw'n]
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lat] sfn,csfndf eg] lbg' sd{ k5{ rnfO{
k'l5 ! aif{ts t'n;L d7df lbof] hnfpg'
;+:d/0f /flv dfg;k6ndf ;+:yf vf]nfpg' ..
aflif{s >4f u/L # k':tf ts 5f]/f 5f]/Ln]
k5{ cufw ;+Demgf xf] >4f lalw k'hgn]
/fh;L tfd;L ef]h TofuL ;fbf dg ljrf/
algg' lkq[C0f xf] b]jC0fsf] x'G5 p4f/ ..
;"ts M
sGo tkm{ lax] a|taGw ePsf / @! aif{tsdf
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laafx kZrft af,cfdfsf] k'/f lng' !# lbg dfO{tf
bfbf,lblb Psf3/df a;]sfsf] ;"ts 5 ! lbg ts ..
lktfsf] 3/df afa' gfgL hGdfP dfGg' # /ft ts
kltsf] 3/ afa' gfgL hGd] afa' cfdf 5}g ;'ts ..
cfkmgf] 3/df gfgLsf] d/0fdf dfGg' # /flq ;"ts
laaflxtfsf] af cfdf d/] cfkmgf 3/df dfGg' # lbg
efO{ a}gLsf] 3/df ;'ts k/] sf6\g' # /flq
dfdfsf] d[To'df af/L lbg' # lbg
cxf]/fqL ..
bft glgl:s afa' gfgL uPdf dfGg' ! lbg aGw'n]
cfdf afa'n] # lbgdf bfgbL lbO{ ! lbg dnfdLn] ..
# aif{ ;Ddsf] ;"ts lng' # /flq nfU5 ;'ts ;f]r
sGobfg u/]sf laaflxtf d/] nfU5 # lbg cfzf}r ..
*$ k'hf jf h+s' M
u/l k'hg g/ gf/fo0fsf] >La[l4 P]Zjo{
lr/sfnlhjL cd/ ch/ P]zsf] wfo{
j+zh k':tf ;a b]v] efujt gjfx k'hL
8fsL efO{ afGwj ;+uf]ndf u/L sdf{bL ..
km"nk|;fb clj/df /ydf ;GttL k'/fn]
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lglw x'g cu|h hggLsf a;] afr] lr/sfnn]
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gaf]Ng' b'/jfRo,ckfRo hfg' 5 xfld ;an] ..
xjnfsf] k"hf M
rGb|dfsf] d"lQ{df d'lQmbftfsf] dfu{ t]h:j?k
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t]hl:jsf] t]h Ifo,no,k|nosf dxfgfos
lqnf]sfltt\ r/fr/ 9fSg] cflb cgfbL ;"o{b]j gdM ..
larf/L ;+;f/ sfnL,dxfsfnL k~rdxfe"t
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v]ltkflt ;"o{ rGb|sf ;fy a:t'efp r/g
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b'gf / 6k/Ldf lbx'n pdf/L cf/Wob]j ;"o{sg
r9fO{ k'ik kmnkm"n lbO{ cWo{v8f eO{ pleOhg
clj/ rGbg s]z/L cIftfn] lbof] afln xfl8df
p7fO{ afF;sf] lnËf] em'08fO{ 8f]/Ln] dfly /fVbfdf ..
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cfzf}r jf/]sf / lgd'vfnfO{ arfpg] ;fx/fnfO{
x/fPsf j}QgL{ gt/]sf cksfndf d[To' lhljt
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Psfblz a|t M
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ul/lbP k|s[tL k'?if Ps} zl//af6 a|Dxfn]
g/ gf/fo0f lai0f' tnfpsf] sdn km"nn]
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aGw' lo ;a zl//df 5g\ gvf]h d7dlGb/n]
g'xfO{ kf~rfog k'hL z+vf 306f lgTo lbg
s'n j+z hGdlbg] nfO{ ;DemL w}o{ /xg ..
5f]/f 5f]/L k9fO{df /x]klg ug'{ lgTo cfbf/
Ps 5fFs ;flKtsL vfg' kmnkm"n cfx/f
l;sfO{ rl/qsf] l;sf] lbg' kfng ug'{ ;a
Toflu s'efj ;Tjsf] kfng xf] aGw'sf] ..
;s] ;a PsfbzL pkf:g' g;s] 7"nf Ps
>fj0fdf uO{ u+uft6df kl/jf/n] k'hf b]v
ds},k'jf,/f]l6 vfO{ zl//sf] :km"t{ ?kwf/L
km]/L hg},rf]nf] sk8f :gfgn] ug'{ tkfbL ..
;s|fGtL M
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x'g] sfn nf} a'em of] ;s|flGt a; :jb]z ..
/flz kl/jt{gdf dg'iosf /f]ufbL Jofwf ;bf
x6fO{ z'4 :gfgn] af]Ng' 5f]/L a'xf/L ;jhgf
u[x0fLn] yfg dfgn] kl/jf/ ;adf kfSo lbg'
l6sf yfkL 5f]/L a'xf/L v'; x'b} 3/df jl;lng' ..
df; M
afx|} dlxgfsf] a'em] ;f}/df;
b'O{ df;sf] Ps Ct' 5 hfg
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xf] z'Ns s[i0f elg a'em\g k5{ ..
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s[i0fsf] k|ltkb b]lv cf}l;ts\ kIf b'O{ 5
log} kIf b'O{nfO{ rGb|df; slxG5 /
ltlysf u0fgf ub]{ rGb|df; b'O{ a'emg' n ..
ltg aif{ ;f]x|lbg rf/ 3l8 k'/f x'bf
clwsdlxgf jf dndf; ;s|flGt gx'bf ..
b'O{ ;s|flGt kl/ Ps} dlxgfdf Ifodf;
/fx' ;"o{,rGb|df ePdf nfUb5 u|x0f ..
;'ts jfg]{ tl/sf M
afg'{ !) lbg ;lkl08n] ;uf]qL aGw'n] !lbg
Gjf/gcfbL sd{df hd36x'g e'nL ;albg
k'hf ;fdfu|L t'NofO{ ef]h vfg' Vjfpg' clt
5/ l5d]sdf km"n k|;fbL k~rfd[t lbO{ hlt ..
s'nb]jtfsf] k"hf M
sfng/l;x cjtf/ sfn e}/j lyP o'lug zlQm
af]ln çlx+ lSnd /fx' s]t' e}/j b]ljdf cfzlQm
!) j6f ;fnsf l;dnbf/df aflw afljof] tf]/0f
af; pv' s]/f ;lh;hfp agfp s'nfog yfg ..
tf]/0f ;+u} sfrf] wfuf] rb'jf k'ik kmnkm"n Wjfhn]
l;3f{g'{ s'nb]jdf /ftf] / O{i6b]jnfO{ ;]tf] sk8fn]
ldnfO{ ;a3/sf] ;/bfd 8fnL / yfnL ldnfO{gfn]
rfx] hlt stf{ al;lbg' d"nstf{ ! k5\5fO{ ..
rfk rDkf j]nL cfk j/ lkkn :jfdLsf ktf
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jfof O{i6b]jtf ;/bfd # ;'t] alQ ;fdfu|L cflb
%j6f tfdf z'4t]nsf alQ afln a|Dx j]bbL
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;fnsf ;ldwf /flv r? xf]dL ;a b]j xf]Dg'
k'Hg' O{i6b]jtf u0f]z yfkL lbof] sn; ;hfpg'
u|x nUg efsn nfuL efuL hfgL ghfgL k'Hg'
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g}j]b e]6L k'vf{sf] r08Lkf7bL dGq uuge]bL
z'4 Wo"df u[x0fLn] agfO{ kfsjfg g}j]B z'4 eO{
3/ dlGb/ ;/;kmfO{ ufO{uf]j/n] kf]tL P]kfgfbL
e'/;L u/L s/d kfq k'0f{kfq k~rfd[t r9fpg'
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af]sf k't a9fO{ lax] cflb ;adf gl/jn r9fpg'
afl8 k|;fbL 3/3/ Wjfhf ktsf aGw'Tjdf k7fpg' ..
Ps} /++usf] alnsf] /ut / sn]hf] lemls jf]xtfdf
jf gl/jnsf] kfl/ 6'qmf ;lxtsf] jf]xtfdf /fVg'
k'Hg' yfgL dfgL s'nb]jtf Oi6 b]jtf xf]dLlbg'
xf]d ub{ lnPsf] stf{sf] ds} ;a} r9fO{ lbg' ..
wf]tL kf6f] ;lxtsf] stf{ o1kljqf km'sfO{ k'Hg'
a}iffvL k'0f]{sf lbgdf bfg tk aif]{gLul/ j+zhtfg'{ ..
k'hfsf] lbgdf k'hf sd{ u/L cGgfbL k5{ rf]Vofpg'
blx b'w lt/gtf/g e/;s ;f] k'hf cjlwdf gug'{
afl8 km'nk|;fb lng' k/b]z ePklg k5{ ;Demg'
ef]nL kN6 l;dnbf/ kw]/fdf nlu ;]nfO{ lbg'
bfg bftJo 5f]/L r]nLsg ;s] k|;fbL k7fpg'
glj;{g' s'g}hgnfO{ s'nb]jtf k'hfdf cy{ vr{g' ..
;[li6 lj1fg Science of Creature M
a|Dxfsf] km}ng] / v'Drg] :jfefjn] sfn jf sDkg k}bf eof] . ultaf6
r]tgf,k|f0f k|fb'ef{j eof] . phf{ v'Drg] / km}n] lqmofn] # ?k sfn ult / r]tgf
;'hgf eO{ ;Dk"0f{ ljZj a|Dxf08sf] sfo{ cf/De eof],h' lqmof zlQm xf] .
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Ps eP/ klg cg]s ePsf] ;fsf/ a|Dxf sf] ?kdf k|s[tL /lxg . ;[li6 qmddf cglulGt
h8r]tgf a:t'x? k}bf eP,t;y{ a|Dxf Ps eP/ klg cg]s 5 . lgu'0f phf{ ;u'0f phf{df :km'l/t
ePsf] lj;d ca:yf a|Dxfsf] l;h{glzn eO{ sfo{ phf{ kl/0ft x'b} ;[li6 l:ytL nodf
s'g} q'l6 geO{ l;h{glzn cj:yfdf /xG5 . a}DxnfO{
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a|Dxf,k/dfTd O{Zj/,k'?if,;Togf/fo0f,lai0f',af;'b]j,cNnfx,k'b,z"Go Ps} x'g
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zfl/l/s,;Gt'lnt dg,lrQ,cfr/0f,lzIff af6 ;gftg\ x'g'k5{ . olx cf}nf}lss bz{g g}
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k|]d ;befj a9\5,k|]d ;befj cg'e"lt xf] of] O{z cg'e"lt / hLjg xf] .
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kfrg k|0fnLdf ;fdfGo s'08nLgL zlQmsf] c;/df lb3{ vfglkgsf] c;Gt'ngdf
of]u Gof; Wofg cf/f]Uo ..
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zl//sf] ult Zjf; ;+od /Qm k|jfx cfTdan ;adf
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bz} gjb'uf{ k'hf} uR5]sf] bfg blIf0f lbO{ b'uf{sjh
e/;s clk|o gaf]nf} Toflu cf8Dj/ 3/kl/jf/
aln lbg]n] lbg' glbg]n] ;'wf/L kfsjfg x/3/
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x'g]vfg]n] x'bf vfg] elg aGw' efj x]on] gx]g'{
wg Hofgsf] gf]S;fg xf]nf C0fn] sj} ga]xf]g'{
;'a'l4 / ;bdfu{df b'uf{ ejfgLnfO{ ck{g'
gf/L lab'ifL x/3/ efjfltt eO{ v';n] ;k|g' ..
cGo rf8 ;+:sf/ ltxf/ hGd lax] d[To' cflb
;gftg\ g} algg' aGw' lxtdf dg arg O{TofbL
hflu/]n] hfuL/ nufO{ lbg' cGon] oyfuR5]n]
;dfnL ;f]w vf]h jgL lng' c? km/fl;nf] kgn] ..
;f/;+If]k M
u/L kqrf/ 3/3/ e]6 hfu|t ;]9fO{ aGw'
vf]hL 5l/Psf] k"lh Plss[t of]hgf l;Gw'
c+lu/f lasf; a}+s vf]nf} x/ s[ifs z]o/n]
hflu/],Joj;flo,/f]huf/L lab]lz cfo cfh{gn] ..
Ps z]o/ xhf/sf] ;of} z]o/ hflu/] e?g
;fdflhs n]gb]g ;+:sf/ ljgf ;]9fO{ gd?g
x/]s lhNnfaf6 art z]o/df cfh} b]lv u?
x'bf vfg] / x'g]vfg] ;]9fO{ ;a}n] Pstf w/f} ..
8fS6/ aGw'n] cf}ifwL ;]jf a}s dfkm{t u/f}
k|ljlws ;an] OlGhlgo/ s[lif Joj;fo w/f}
pGgt s[lifn] k|dfb cGgfbL kmnkm"n emksfp
vf]nf af6 ljB't,;f}o{ phf{n] lj1fkg 3Gsfp ..
gfËf kf]l6nf k}tnf sl7g ofqf ljd'lQm ;'emfp
uf]/f xl;d'v vfgf uf; af; kl/k"0f{ cy{n] /dfp
gfn]a]nL gf}6ls+ x}g l/; /fu zl//sf ls6f0f' df/f}
of]ufEof; lgoldt cfxf/f 3/d} 5 a'em]sfn] a'emfp ..
vf]n]sf :s"nnfO{ SofDk;,k]zfnfO{ k'i6fO{
s[ifs Go"g cfofdf 3/3/ /f]huf/L k'/fO{
Joj;flonfO{ C0f wgdf c? ;js l;sfO{
Psn kl/jf/ lk58f kl/jf/ nuf} ;dfO{ ..
k|lt1f M
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3/ ufpdf s]lGb|o ;ldlt 3'Db}g olb eg]
clVtof/L lbO{ sfd yfngL ug{ cuf8L k/] ..
xf eGg] aflg xfd|f] ;+:sf/ / ;gftg} Tofuf}
p7] ;a hftL slt ;'Tg] pHofnf] ;dfnf}
5}g vr{ eg] h'6fO{ tof/L sfd u/f}nf
nIoe]bg u/L Psftfn] la>fd k/f}nf ..
cg';Gwfg ufX|f] x'G5 ;'Gbf b]Vbf 7Ýf g}
z'id 5 sfn ult Joli6 cy{zf:qdf em}
;dfTg k5{ Pstfsf] /y aGw'Tjn] tfGg]
;du| lrGtg u/L vf]h cg';Gwfg ug]{ <
gf]6 M :jhg aGw'x?n] cWoofg ug'{ eO{ k|ltlqmof n]lv k7fO{ lbg' .emofp/]
sljtf ePsf]n] sd ;dodf a0f{ljGof;,Jos/0f x]l/Psf] 5}g . s]lx ePdf n]lv lbg'
.o;df # k|sf/sf cd's laifo 5g\ . ;]9fO{ j+z k/Dk/f,laZj kl/j]z,sDk'6/ s;l/
l;Sg] . cWofoog lzng} dxfgtf x'g]5 . k'g ;'wf/L aGw'x?df /fVg] 5' .
xl/ k|;fb ;]9fO{
bz}
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xfld ;fIfft a|DXfsf d'vf/jfl0f cfFuL/f Clifsf ;Gtfg ;]9fO{x?, cfkmgf]
cfjf; P]kg lnkkf]tn] ;lh;fhfp ul/,3/ el/ ;GtftL /flv v'; lbnn] laxfg ;a]/} p7L
b}lgs ofjt sd{ of]ufzg,kf~rfog k"hfljlw ;ls rf]vf] db{gfsf] wf]lt
klxl/O{,hgfgn] rf]vf] eO{ lnkkf]tn] lbof] snz / s]/fsf] kftdf gjb'uf{ sf]
:yfkgf,rf]vf] -/ftf]_ci7dft[sf tfdfsf] yflndf k"hf ;/bfd cfTd:jfledfgn]
e08f/ sf]7f, d'n:yfgLn] k'hL cfkmgf yfgLdflg,s'nfog,uf]l/n,jfo",eË]/
xf]dfbL u/L gj/fqL e/L b'uf{ sjr,;Ktlif{ k'hg,rl08kf7 uR5] , s'n cfrf/ cg';f/
ds}sf] ljp, 6k/Ldf hf}sf] ljp /f]lk kflg-hn_ lbg', cfkmgf kl/jf/df b}lgs l6sf
nufO{ lbg' . k"hg ljlw cfkmgf j+zhdf l;sfpg 5f]/f,gftL,gfltgL ;xof]u lnO{
xltof/ k'lh l3/f}nf,s'le08f,gl/jnsf] b}lgs aln lbO{ lz/ sflnsfnfO{ r9fpg] /
;Ktldsf] lbgdf vl; vfg]n] vfg],ci7ldsf] lbg aln lbg]x?n] Ps} /+usf] af]sf
cfugdf P]kgn] kf]lt ,hn, kmnkm"n, l6sfn] kl;{ vfg',sn]hf] b'gfdf /flv
cfkmgf yflgdflg,sflnsf,s'nfognfO{ xf]ld lbg' / 6fpsf] gjb'uf{df r9fO{ lbg' .
df;+ gvfg]n] 3/ kl/jf/df ;Sg] df}sf cg';f/sf] kmnkm"n g}j]B b}lgs
k"hf ljlw cg';f/ k'Hg' / bzldsf lbg lgTo k"hf xf]dflb ul/ rf]vf] ljlw
lawfgn] /f]l6 kf]nL sfqmfsf] crf/,kmnkm"n /flv cfkm" eGbf dfGohg
-l;wf cfFvf / v'; dgn] _df 6kf/L lnO{ l6sf -t/v'sf] sfnf] l6sf klxNo}_ /
dGqf]pRrfx/0f ;lxt cflz{jfb -k"l0f{df ;Dd _yfKg' ,r]nLj]6Ldf uR5] cg';f/
bfg blIf0f ,u/uxgf,sk8f lbg' t/ l/Qf] xft dfGohgdf hltg} ul/lj /x]klg km"n
dfq eg] klg lbg' -cfkm"df uj{ TofUg',hftLdf Pstf e/f];f /fVg'_ . glhssf
efO{ jGw' h] h:tf] dgd'6fj /x] klg cfkmgf] 3/,s'n,j+z,s'n s'6'Dj l;t l6sf u|x0f
ug'{ ,of] lbg l/;,/fu,egj}/,Jojxf/ ;]9fO{ s'ndf slxNo} gNofpg' ,k/b]z a:g]n]
klg u[x cfJXfg ul/ Df7 d+lGb/ uO{ l6sf k|;fb ug'{ u/fpg' . 3/sf] dfGohg pDsfO{
-;;'/fnL / dfjnL ;w} cfkm" klg hfg'_sd{ l/lt rfnrng ug{' ;GtfgnfO{ l;sfpg'
. ;s] bzfzL bfg cfkmgf k"vf{sf] gfddf ;]9fO{ aGw' ;dfhnfO{ ydfO{lbg' .
k"l0f{df kl5 ci7dft[sf,hd/fsf] z]if -glb,vf]nf,cuh :yfdf /flvlbg'_ ;]nfpg'
/ g'xfpg' . wd{df ljdlt /fVg] ;fvM ;Gtfg sf]lxn]nfO{ klg of] cjlwdf :g]x,cfbf/
;]9fO{ aGw'n] ul/lbg' . gl/;fpg' ! k6s l/; O{iof{ kfNbf zl//sf @ k|lt;t /Stm
s]l;sf ;w}sf] nflu db{5g\ eg] elQmefj of]ufzg,cf/wfgf,efO{aGw'Tj hDbfdf zl//sf
@@ k|lt;t /Stm s]l;sfn] cNksflng zlSt eb{5g\ .
k|yd M z}nk'lq
cf]psf/ ç kl/jf/ jf lxGb' ;+sfosf] eujtLsf] dlxdf cGt{ut z}nk'lqb]jL
cyf{y d:tsdf cw{rGb|o'Qm 306f cfsf/sf] d's'6 wf/0f u/]sL eujtL x'g\ . lo
lz/dfd's'6 wf/0f u/]sL,ljz'4 ,:j0f{do lbJo zl// ePsL ,laleGg z:q c:q wf/0f
u/]sL - bz xftdf bfof tkm{ hkdfnf,sdnsf] km"n,wg'if jf0f cflb c:q / jfof
tkm{ sd08n' lqz'n,ubf ,t/jf/ cflb z:q_, ;a} e"t k|]t lkrfzx? Gfi6 u/L
eofgs rGb| Wjlg t/Ë km}nfO{ eQmsf] b'v- ceo,j/d'Gb|f wf/0f_,zq'gfz ul/ d+undo
/Iff ul/lbg] -/ftf] j:qdf ;lhP/ l;+xdf ;jf/ x'g] -l;x jflxgL_ eujtL x'g .
cfkmgf] ;+sfo,s'nrf/ cg';f/ d"n e08f/df b'uf{ejfgLsf] :yfkgf ul/
Oi6b]j,s'nb]j sf] z'4 elQmk"hf / bz{g ul/ ç hoGtL d+unfsfnL eb|sfnL
skflngL . b'uf{Ifdf lzj wfqL :jfxf :jwf gdf]˜:t't] ul/ cflb b'uf{ ejfgLsf]
:t'tL / >L b'uf{ ;KtztL,ci7dft[sf ul/ bz} 3/df z}nk'lqb]jL ->L lju|x_
;Dem]/ k'hg ubf{ cfkmgf zfvf ;Gtfg,kfk gfz,h'gL e/Lsf] sNof0f kmn k|fKt x'g]
z'e ;fO{tsf] sNof0f, dg,jrg sd{ z'4 eO{ dgnfO{ dl0fk'/ rqmdf s]lGb|t ul/ ;a}df
>4f elQmn] s'ndf dgf]jfl~rt kmn k|fKt x'g] ub{5 .
bf]>f] M a|Xdrfl/0fLb]jL
cf]psf/ ç kl/jf/ jf lxGb' ;+sfosf] eujtLsf] dlxdf - lxdfno kj{tsf]
3/df d]gsfsf] ue{af6 hGd lnO{ gf/b d'lgsf] pkb]z cg';f/ eujfg lzjhLnfO{ klt
:j?k k|fKt ug{ csNkgLo s7f]/ tk:o ! xhf/ aif{ ;Dd kmnkm"n vfO{, # xhf/
aif{ ;Dd hn klg gvfO{, c? xhf/f} aif{ ;Dd tkZo u/]sL x'bf pdf:j?lkl0f eO{ elQm
cGt{ut_ a|Xdrfl/0fLb]jL cyf{t d:tsdf km"nsf] ?k cfsf/sf] d's'6 wf/0f u/]sL
eujtL x'g\ . lo Zj]tfDj/ kl/wfgd\,sdnbn e[if0fd\ ,cIfdfnf sd08n'
wf/d\,Hof]ltdo :j?kd\ . cIfkmn j/fbflogL ljho zflngL :j?lk0fL,;j{ l;l4a'l4k|b]
b]jL . >L a|Xdrfl/0fLb]jL gdf]˜:t't] .. k'ikd's'6 wf/0f u/]sL,ljz'4
,:j0f{do lbJo zl// ePsL ,laleGg z:q c:q wf/0f u/]sL - bz xftdf bfof tkm{
hkdfnf,sdnsf] km"n,wg'if jf0f cflb c:q / jfof tkm{ sd08n' lqz'n,ubf ,t/jf/
cflb z:q_, ;a} e"t k|]t lkzfrx? Gfi6 u/L eofgs Hof]lt?k t/Ë km}nfO{ eQmsf]
b'v- ceo,j/d'Gb|f wf/0f_,zq'gfz ul/ d+undo /Iff ul/lbg] -;]tf] j:qdf ;lhP/
sdnsf] km"ndf ;jf/ x'g] - a|Xdrfl/0fLb]jL _ eujtL x'g . cfkmgf]
;+sfo,s'nrf/ cg';f/ d"n e08f/df b'uf{ejfgLsf] :yfkgf ul/ Oi6b]j,s'nb]j sf]
z'4 elQmk"hf / bz{g ul/ ç gdMhoGtL d+unfsfnL eb|sfnL skflngL .
b'uf{Ifdf lzj wfqL :jfxf :jwf gdf]˜:t't] ul/ cflb b'uf{ ejfgLsf] :t'tL /
>L b'uf{ ;KtztL,ci7dft[sf ul/ bz}3/df a|Xdrfl/0fLb]jL ->L lju|x_ ;Dem]/
k'hg ubf{ cfkmgf zfvf ;Gtfg-j+z_,kfk gfz,h'gL e/Lsf] sNof0f kmn k|fKt x'g] z'e
;fO{tsf] sNof0f, dg,jrg sd{ z'4 eO{ dgnfO{ :jlwi7fg rqmdf s]lGb|t ul/ ;a}df
>4f elQmn] dgf]jfl~rt kmn l;l4,ljho k|fKt x'g] ub{5 .
t]>f] M rGb|306fb]jL
cf]psf/ ç kl/jf/ jf lxGb' ;+sfosf] eujtLsf] dlxdf cGt{ut rGb|306fb]jL
cyf{y d:tsdf cw{rGb|o'Qm 306f cfsf/sf] d's'6 wf/0f u/]sL eujtL x'g\ . lo
cw{rGb|o'Qm d's'6 wf/0f u/]sL,ljz'4 ,:j0f{do lbJo zl// ePsL ,laleGg z:q c:q
wf/0f u/]sL - bz xftdf bfof tkm{ hkdfnf,sdnsf] km"n,wg'if jf0f cflb c:q /
jfof tkm{ sd08n' lqz'n,ubf ,t/jf/ cflb z:q_, ;a} e"t k|]t lkrfzx? Gfi6 u/L
eofgs rGb| Wjlg t/Ë km}nfO{ eQmsf] b'v- ceo,j/d'Gb|f wf/0f_,zq'gfz ul/ d+undo
/Iff ul/lbg] -/ftf] j:qdf ;lhP/ l;+xdf ;jf/ x'g] -l;x jflxgL_ eujtL x'g .
cfkmgf] ;+sfo,s'nrf/ cg';f/ d"n e08f/df b'uf{ejfgLsf] :yfkgf ul/
Oi6b]j,s'nb]j sf] z'4 elQmk"hf / bz{g ul/ ç hoGtL d+unfsfnL eb|sfnL
skflngL . b'uf{Ifdf lzj wfqL :jfxf :jwf gdf]˜:t't] ul/ cflb b'uf{ ejfgLsf]
:t'tL / >L b'uf{ ;KtztL,ci7dft[sf ul/ bz} 3/df rGb|306fb]jL ->L lju|x_
;Dem]/ k'hg ubf{ cfkmgf zfvf ;Gtfg,kfk gfz,h'gL e/Lsf] sNof0f kmn k|fKt x'g]
z'e ;fO{tsf] sNof0f, dg,jrg sd{ z'4 eO{ dgnfO{ dl0fk'/ rqmdf s]lGb|t ul/ ;a}df
>4f elQmn] dgf]jfl~rt kmn k|fKt x'g] ub{5 .
rt'y{M s'idf08fb]jL
cf]psf/ ç kl/jf/ jf lxGb' ;+sfosf] eujtLsf] dlxdf cGt{ut s'idf08fb]jL
cyf{t a|x\df08sf] cflbd sflng ;'li6 ljlxg cl:tTjdf dGb d':sfg4f/ ;[li6 lbg] c08
cyf{t a|x\df08sf] ;[li6 / zlQm :j?kf eujtL s'idf08f-s'le08f]:j?kf_b]jL
;"o{d08nsf] lelq txdf lgjf; ug]{
eujtL x'g\ . lohfhNodfg\ sflGt / ;"o{sf] ;/x b]bLKodfg t]hn] JoKQm
wf/0f u/]sL,ljz'4 ,:j0f{do lbJo zl// ePsL ,laleGg ci6e"hfdf z:q c:q wf/0f
u/]sL – cf7 xftdf bfof tkm{ sd08n',wg'ifjf0f,sdnsf] km"n cflb c:q /
jfoftkm{ cd[tk"0f{ snz rqm ubf /
cf7f} xftdf l;l4 k|bfg hkdfnf cflb z:q_, ;a} e"t k|]t lkrfzx? Gfi6 u/L
eofgs c08sf/ a|Xdf08bflogL s'idf08fb]jL | t]h t/Ë km}nfO{ eQmsf] b'v ceo,j/d'Gb|f
wf/0f_,zq'gfz ul/ d+undo /Iff ul/lbg] -;lhP/ l;+xdf ;jf/ x'g] -l;x jflxgL_
eujtL x'g . cfkmgf] ;+sfo,s'nrf/ cg';f/ d"n e08f/df b'uf{ejfgLsf] :yfkgf
ul/ Oi6b]j,s'nb]j sf] z'4 elQmk"hf / bz{g ul/ ç hoGtL d+unfsfnL eb|sfnL
skflngL . b'uf{Ifdf lzj wfqL :jfxf :jwf gdf]˜:t't] . ç ljZj]Zj/L hu4fqL l:ylt
;+xf/sfl/0Ld\ . Tjo}t;'Hhot] hut\ Tj}tTkfNot] r ;j{bf . b]bLKodfg sflGtdo
j0ff{gd\ ;"o{d08n ;dk|efd\ . lbJo z:q c:qflbo'Qm ci6e'hfw/f+ l;xjfx0ffd\
./f]usi6 ;j{ ;+s6 ljgdlzgL ho >L a|Xdf08]Zj/L .. ul/ cflb b'uf{ ejfgLsf] :t'tL / >L b'uf{
;KtztL,ci7dft[sf ul/ bz} 3/df s'idf08fb]jL ->L lju|x_ ;Dem]/ k'hg ubf{
cfkmgf bl/b|,b'vM si6,/f]uJoflw,cfo" cf/f]Uo >La[l4 x'g],zfvf ;Gtfg,kfk
gfz,h'gL e/Lsf] sNof0f kmn k|fKt x'g] z'e ;fO{tsf] sNof0f, dg,jrg sd{ z'4 eO{
dgnfO{ cgfxt rqmdf s]lGb|t ul/ ;a}df >4f elQmn] dgf]jfl~rt kmn k|fKt x'g]
ub{5 .
k~rfdLM :sGbdftfb]jL
cf]psf/ ç kl/jf/ jf lxGb' ;+sfosf] eujtLsf] dlxdf cGt{ut :sGbdftfb]jL
cyf{t eujfg :sGb s'df/ -sflt{s]o_ jfn:j?k dftfb]jL sfvdf cl:tTjn] dGb d':sfg4f/
;[li6 lbg] ;[li6 / zlQm :j?kf eujtL :sGbdftfb]jL eujtL x'g\ . lo rt'e'h
kb\df;g;lxt l;xjfxg wf/0f u/]sL,ljz'4 ,:j0f{do lbJo zl// ePsL ,laleGg
rf/e"hfdf z:q c:q wf/0f u/]sL – rf/ xftdf bfof tkm{ dflyNnf] xftn]
:sGbs'df/ nfO{ sfvdf RofKg], tNnf] xftdf
sdnsf] km"n afof tkm{ tNnf] xftdf sdnsf] km"n, dflyNnf] xftn] j/d'b|f
wf/0f u/]sL ;"o{ d08nsL b]bLKodfg sflGtdo clwi7fqL zq'gfz ul/ d+undo /Iff
ul/lbg] -;lhP/ l;+xdf ;jf/ x'g] -l;x jflxgL_ eujtL x'g . cfkmgf] ;+sfo,s'nrf/
cg';f/ d"n e08f/df b'uf{ejfgLsf] :yfkgf ul/ Oi6b]j,s'nb]j sf] z'4
elQmk"hf / bz{g ul/ ç hoGtL d+unfsfnL eb|sfnL skflngL . b'uf{Ifdf lzj
wfqL :jfxf :jwf gdf]˜:t't] . ç kb\df;gl:ytfd\ rt'e'hfj/b–kb\d x:tsfd . ;j{ kfk
x/] b]jL >L ozl:jgL :sGbdft[:j?lk0fL .. e'lQmd'lQm k|b] b]jL . :sGbdftf
gdt:o} gdf] gd M .. -cy{ M sdnsf]
km"ndf lj/flht rf/xftdf sflQ{s]o,sdnsf] km"n,/ j/d'Gb| laxfgsf] ;"o{ h:t} b]lbKodfg\ t]hf]
j0f{sfL x+;jflsgL nfO{ gd:sf/ ub{5' … ;a} kfk gfzs oz,P]Zjo{ e/L jfT;No
:sGbs'df/sf] cfdf:j?k wf/0f u/]sL . e'lQmd'lQm lbg] :sGbdftfb]jL tkfO{nfO{ af/Daf/
gd:sf/ ub{5' .._ ul/ cflb b'uf{ ejfgLsf] :t'tL / >L b'uf{ ;KtztL,ci7dft[sf
ul/ bz} 3/df :sGbdftfb]jL ->L lju|x_ ;Dem]/ k'hg ubf{ cfkmgf bl/b|,b'vM
si6,/f]uJoflw,cfo" cf/f]Uo >La[l4 x'g],zfvf ;Gtfg,kfk gfz,h'gL e/Lsf]
sNof0f kmn k|fKt x'g] z'e ;fO{tsf] sNof0f, dg,jrg sd{ z'4 eO{ dgnfO{
ljz'4-k'isn_ rqmdf s]lGb|t ul/ t]h sflGt,b'vaf6 oq–k/q sNof0f rfxgf ;lxt ;a}df
>4f elQmn] dgf]jfl~rt kmn k|fKt x'g] ub{5 .
ifi7LM sfTofogLb]jL
cf]psf/ ç kl/jf/ jf lxGb' ;+sfosf] eujtLsf] dlxdf cGt{ut sfTofogLb]jL
cyf{t k|flrg sfTo gfds Clifsf 5f]/f sfTogn] cfkmgf] 3/df hubDaf eujtL
5f]/Lsf?kdf hGd lnpg elg nfdf] ;do sl7g tk u/L eujtLn] k|fy{gf l:jsf/ul/ z'Sn
rt'b{zLdf hGd lnO{ ;KtdL,ci7dL / gjdLltly;Dd hubDaf eujtL dftfb]jLn] k"hf
cr{gf u|x0f u/L dlxiff;'/sf] jw ul/ dlxifdlb{gL eujtL sfTofogLb]jL elg
k"hg ul/Psf] 5 . ;x–cl:tTjn] dGb d':sfg4f/ ;[li6 lbg] / zlQm :j?kf eujtL
sfTofogLb]jL eujtL x'g\ . lo rt'e'h kb\df;g;lxt l;xjfxg wf/0f u/]sL,ljz'4
,:j0f{do lbJo zl// ePsL ,laleGg rf/e"hfdf z:q c:q wf/0f u/]sL – rf/ xftdf
bfof ceo j/d'b|f wf/0f u/]sL afof tkm{ tNnf] xftdf sdnsf] km"n, dflyNnf]
xftn] r/jf-v8\u_ lnO{ ;'g h:t} rlDsnf] laz'4 d08nsL b]bLKodfg sflGtdo clwi7fqL
zq'gfz ul/ d+undo /Iff ul/lbg] -;lhP/ l;+xdf ;jf/ x'g] -l;x jflxgL_ eujtL x'g .
cfkmgf] ;+sfo,s'nrf/ cg';f/ d"n e08f/df b'uf{ejfgLsf] :yfkgf ul/
Oi6b]j,s'nb]j sf] z'4 elQmk"hf / bz{g ul/ ç hoGtL d+unfsfnL eb|sfnL
skflngL . b'uf{Ifdf lzj wfqL :jfxf :jwf gdf]˜:t't] . ç b'v bl/b|o,/f]u–si7,;j{
;+s6 gflzgL l;xjfx0ffd\ . dxlif{dlb{gLb]jL >L sfTofogL:j?lk0fL .. /Iffd]
;j{tM>L sfTofogLb]jL gdt:o} gdf] gd M ..
-cy{ M :j0f{do?k ePsL,rf/xftdf t/jf/,sdnsf] km"n / ceod'b|f wf/0f
u/]sL , b]lbKodfg\ t]hf] j0f{sL x+;jflsgL nfO{ gd:sf/ ub{5' … ;a} kfk gfzs
oz,P]Zjo{ e/L e'lQmd'lQm lbg] :sGbdftfb]jL tkfO{nfO{ af/Daf/ gd:sf/ ub{5' .._
ul/ cflb b'uf{ ejfgLsf] :t'tL / >L b'uf{ ;KtztL,ci7dft[sf ul/ bz} 3/df
:sGbdftfb]jL ->L lju|x_ ;Dem]/ k'hg ubf{ cfkmgf cfTdf,bl/b|, b'vM
si6,/f]uJoflw,cfo" cf/f]Uo >La[l4 x'g],zfvf ;Gtfg,kfk gfz,h'gL e/Lsf]
sNof0f kmn k|fKt x'g] z'e ;fO{tsf] sNof0f, dg,jrg sd{ z'4 eO{ dgnfO{ cf1 rqmdf
s]lGb|t ul/ t]h sflGt,b'vaf6 oq–k/q ;GttL sNof0f rfxgf t]h ;lxt ;+s6 ;a}df
>4f elQmn] dgf]jfl~rt kmn k|fKt x'g] ub{5 .
cfTdf M cfTdf gL/fsf/ ?kdf /xbf] Ps zlQm xf] . olx cfTdf ;fsf/ cj:yfdf
/xbf zlQmsf k|ltlglw b]jL,b'uf{,eujtL / /fd,s[i0f ,jf;'b]j,lzj cflb cg]s gfdaf6
;Daf]wg ul/G5 . zlQmsf] csf]{ c+z hLjfTd xf] . r/fr/ hutdf k|f0fL tyf jg:klt
hLjfTdsf k|ltlglw x'g\ . k|f0fL / jg:kltsf] kfly{j z/L/ gfzjfg 5 . s'g} klg ;do
zl// dg{ ;S5 t/,z/L/ leq jf; a:g] phf{ zlQm h;nfO{ xfld hLjfTdsf] gfdaf6
;Daf]wg ul/G5 . of] cljgflz , ckl/jt{gLo / ;gftlgo 5 . hLjfTd cfTdfsf] c+z /
p;}sf] ;Gtfg ePsf] x'gfn] nfdf] ;dosf] cGt/fn kl5 ef}lts hLjg ;fy{s ePdf jf
;[li6sf] sfd ;dfKt x'bf cfTd tTjdf ljlng eO{ Psfsf/ x'g]5 .
k/fTd M Ps cfk:tsf km/s km/s cfTdtTj x'g .
;[li6 M ;[li6 ;+rfngdf cfwf/e"t ;+/rgfx? cgGt cfsfz,;do / O{Zj/
x'g\ . lo dWo]df cfsfz,;do h8 / O{Zj/
r]tgf x'g\ . cfsfz,;do / O{Zj/sf] lqklIfo ;xcl:tTj g} dxfa|Xff08 xf] .
dxfa|Xff08sf] ledsfo Kjfnleq c;+Vo ultlzn a|Xff08x? /x]sf 5g\ . o;} ultlzn
a|Xff08 leq xfldx? cfsfzu+uf pk–a|Xff08sf] k[lYjdf /x]sf 5f} . w]/} nfdf] ;do
lalt ;s] kl5 cGtl/If leq}af6 z"Go cj:yfaf6} kbfy{sf k/df0f'x?sf] pTklt x'g
yfNof] . qmdzM pTklt x'b} ;+ul7t eO{ Pslqt x'b} hfFbf af6'nf lk08x?sf] lgdf{0f
k|lqmof z'? eof] . lk08df laleGg lsl;dsf] UofF;-jfo"_ sf ;fy;fy} 7f]; /
t/n kbfy{x?sf] pTklt eof] . lo pTklt ePsf kbfy{x? c/af} aif{sf] ;do nufP/ lazfn lk08sf] ?kdf lgdf{0f eP . xfO{8«f]hg /
lxlnod UofF;sf] /f;flolgs k|lqmofaf6 phf{sf] pTklt eof] ,h;nfO{ xfld k|sfz /
tfk dfGb5f} . olx k|sfz / tfksf] dfWodaf6 cGtl/Ifdf /x]sf ledsfo lk08x? bGblGt
aln /x]sf 5g\ . h;nfO{ xfld tf/f eGb5f} . ;"o{ klg Pp6f dWod >]l0fsf]
tf/f xf] . olx tf/fnfO{ cGo tfkqmd sd ePsf lk08x?n] ;"o{ gfdsf] tf/f g}
kl/qmdf ul//xG5g\ . xfO{8«f]hg / lxlnod UofF; gePsf lk08x? qmdzM ;]nfpb}
uP,To:tf lk08x? k[lYj,rGb|df,zlgZr/ cflb gfdfs/0f ul/of] . jfo"d08nsf]
pTklt eof] . aiff{ x'g yfNof] . k|f/lDes cj:yfdf ;fgf ;fgf jg:kltx? pd|g yfn] .
ca xl08 gePsf hLj hGt'x? pTklt cfh eGbf #c/a %) s/f]8 aif{ cuf8L hLjsf] hLjg
z'? eof] / cfh eGbf @$ nfv aif{ cuf8L blIf0f clkm|sfsf] h+undf dflg;sf] pTklt
eof] . olx ljsf;qmd g} cfw'lgs dfgjsf] j+z,k/Dk/f,;bfrf/,Pstf xflddf /x]sf]
s'/f dglgo 5 .
;KtdL sfn/fqLb]jL
cf]pd\sf/ ç kl/jf/ jf lxGb' ;+sfosf] eujtLsf] dlxdf cGt{ut sfn/fqLb]jL
cyf{t k|flrg ufhn h:tf] lrNnf] rlDsnf] sfnf] /+u gfsaf6 :jf; k|:jfzdf cfuf]sf]
d':nf kmofSg] skfn lk+mhfP/ 3fl6df rlDsnf] dfnfwf/L af3sf] 5fnf a]/]/ gfË}
uwfdf ;jf/ x'g]
;KtdL,afof
xftdf kmnfdsf] sf6f / v8\sf lng] bfof xftn] eQmx?sf] cfO{ kg]{ ljklQm gflzlg
z'eË/Lb]jL sfn/fqLdftfb]jLn] k"hf cr{gf u|x0f u/L eujtL sfn/fqLb]jL elg k"hg
ul/Psf] 5 . rlDsnf] laz'4 d08nsL b]bLKodfg sflGtdo clwi7fqL zq'gfz ul/ d+undo
/Iff ul/lbg] eujtL x'g . cfkmgf] ;+sfo,s'nrf/ cg';f/ d"n e08f/df
b'uf{ejfgLsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 7fpm c?n] g5f]g elg ;]tf] a:qn] l6sf ;Dd 9flsG5 /
Oi6b]j,s'nb]j sf] z'4 elQmk"hf / bz{g ul/ ç hoGtL d+unfsfnL eb|sfnL
skflngL . b'uf{Ifdf lzj wfqL :jfxf :jwf gdf]˜:t't] . ç pWj{s]zf s06s w/f s[i0f
:j?kf gUgf v/fl:ytf . dxfeoljgflzgLd\ ho>L sfn/flqe{oË/L .. ;j{ z'ekmn
j/bflogLd\ >L sfn/flqMz'eË/L . b]lx d] k/d ;'vd\ >L sfn/flq gdt:o} gdf]
gd M .. -cy{ M gfË} pleP/ skfn lkmhfO{ unfdf b]lbKodfgdfnf
dxfeo gflzlg sfn/flqe{oË/L :j?kf b]jL gd:sf/ 5 . k/d :j?k ePsL eujtLnfO{ d
af/Daf/ gd:sf/ ub{5' .. _ ul/ cflb b'uf{ ejfgLsf] k"hf,:t'tL / >L b'uf{
;KtztL,ci7dft[sf ul/ bz} 3/df sfn/fqLb]jL ->L lju|x_ ;Dem]/ km"nkftL gj–klqsf-s]/f,bfl/d,wfg,xn]bf],dfg],sr{]n,a]n,czf]s
/ hoGtLsf ;fy _ /flv k'hg ubf{ cfkmgf cfTdf, ljWgjfwf,eo -zq',clUg,hn_, 8/,
qf;, e"t, k|]t, gju|xbL, ;+s6f bl/b|, b'vM si6,/f]uJoflw,cfo" cf/f]Uo
>La[l4 x'g],zfvf ;Gtfg,kfk gfz,h'gL e/Lsf] sNof0f kmn k|fKt x'g] z'e
;fO{tsf] sNof0f, dg,jrg sd{ z'4 eO{ dgnfO{ cf1 rqmdf s]lGb|t ul/ t]h
sflGt,b'vaf6 oq–k/q ;GttL sNof0f rfxgf t]h ;lxt ;+s6 ;a}df >4f elQmn]
dgf]jfl~rt kmn k|fKt x'g] ub{5 . zlQmlk7df eg] zf:qf]/,tGqf]Qm lalwn]
/fuf,af]sf,xf;,s'v'/f cflb kz' aln lbO{G5 ,t/ lo afx]s eujltsf] dlxdf emNsg]
:t'tL k'hgn] dg'iodfqdf /xg] lx+;f,qmf]w,cfzlQm,l/;,/fu a}/fUo,czflGt /
a}rgLnfO{ aln lbP/ ;fKtLls cfx/Joxf/ u/L cGg,kmn,km}n k|;fbL u/L gl/jn,s'le08f]
jf l3/f}nf-df+;/lxt_ alnlbP ;]9fO{x?sf] cf/f]Uotf a9\g] lglZrtk|foM 5 . df;' /
kz'jw zlQm;+ro ;dfhdf gx'g' /fd|f] dflgG5 .
dxfi6dL dxfuf}/Lb]jL
cf]pd\sf/ ç kl/jf/ jf lxGb' ;+sfosf] eujtLsf] dlxdf cGt{ut
dxfuf}/Lb]jL cyf{t k|flrg sflGtdo ;]tf]j0f{sL-zl// b'w h:t} ;]tf]_ ;]t}
j:q,cfe"if0f / ;f9]df ;jf/ ;]tf] /+u ePsL afof xftdf 8d? / j/d'b|f lng]
bfof xftn] eQmx?sf] cfO{ kg]{ ljklQm gflzlg ceod'b|f / lqz"n kfj{tL?kn]
k"hf cr{gf u|x0f u/L eujtL dxfuf}/Lb]jL elg k"hg ul/Psf] 5 . rlDsnf]
laz'4 d08nsL b]bLKodfg sflGtdo clwi7fqL dxfuf}/Lb]jL nfO{ bfgj/fh z'Desf]
cf1faf6 kqm]/ Nofpg c;+Vo bfgj ;]gf / r08d'08 uPsf lyP clDasfb]jLn] cfkm"
qmf]lwt eO{ sflnsfsf] :j?k wf/0f ul/ z:qc:qn] zq'gfz ul/ d+undo /Iff ul/lbg]
eujtL x'g . cfkmgf] ;+sfo,s'nrf/ cg';f/ d"n e08f/df b'uf{ejfgLsf] :yfkgf
ul/ Oi6b]j,s'nb]j sf] z'4 elQmk"hf / bz{g ul/ ç hoGtL d+unfsfnL eb|sfnL
skflngL . b'uf{Ifdf lzj wfqL :jfxf :jwf gdf]˜:t't] . ç Zj]t] j[if] ;df?9f,;jf{Ë
Zj]tfDj/ ?k :j?kd\ . z"n,8d? j/bfdo,x:tsfd\ rt'e'{hf :j?kfd\ .. ;j{
e"tk|]tfl{bxfl/0fLd\ >LdxfsfnL ?k wfl/0fLd\ . ;j{ ;+s6 x/] b]jL.>L
dxfuf}/L gdt:o} gdf] gd M .. -cy{
M ;]tf] ;f9]df jfxg agfO{ ;]tf]
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8d? / j/ d'b|f wf/0f u/]sL k/d :j?k ePsL ;a} k|]tbL,,e"tfbL gfzs eujtLnfO{
d af/Daf/ gd:sf/ ub{5' .. _ ul/ dxfuf}/Lb]jL b'uf{ ejfgLsf] k"hf,:t'tL /
>L b'uf{ ;KtztL,ci7dft[sf ul/ bz} 3/df dxfuf}/Lb]jL->L lju|x_ ;Dem]/
km"nkftL /flv k'hg ubf{ d+;xf/Ln] alnlbO{ - zfxsf/Ln]
s'le08f],gl/jn,l3/f}nfsf] aln lbO{ _cfkmgf cfTdf, ljWgjfwf,eo -zq',clUg,hn_,
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cf/f]Uo >La[l4 x'g],zfvf ;Gtfg,kfk gfz,h'gL e/Lsf] sNof0f kmn k|fKt x'g] z'e
;fO{tsf] sNof0f, dg,jrg sd{ z'4 eO{ dgnfO{ cf1 rqmdf s]lGb|t ul/ t]h
sflGt,b'vaf6 oq–k/q ;GttL sNof0f rfxgf t]h ;lxt ;+s6 ;a}df >4f elQmn]
dgf]jfl~rt kmn k|fKt x'g] ub{5 . zlQmlk7df eg] zf:qf]/,tGqf]Qm lalwn]
/fuf,af]sf,xf;,s'v'/f cflb kz' aln lbO{G5 ,t/ lo afx]s eujltsf] dlxdf emNsg]
:t'tL k'hgn] dg'iodfqdf /xg] lx+;f,qmf]w,cfzlQm,l/;,/fu a}/fUo,czflGt /
a}rgLnfO{ aln lbP/ ;fKtLls cfx/Joxf/ u/L cGg,kmn,km"n k|;fbL u/L
gl/jn,s'le08f],d"nf jf l3/f}nf alnlbP ;]9fO{x?sf] cf/f]Uotf a9\g]
lglZrtk|foM 5 . df;' / kz'jwsf] zlQm;+ro ;dfhdf gx'g' /fd|f] dflgG5 .
gjdL l;l4bfqLb]jL
cf]pd\sf/ ç kl/jf/ jf lxGb' ;+sfosf] eujtLsf] dlxdf cGt{ut
l;l4bfqLb]jL cyf{t k|flrg laz'3 ;'g ;dfg rlDsnf],;f}Gbo{d'vL,;f}Do,zfGt d'b|f
n] b]lbKodfg /ftf] j:qwf/L 5g\,rf/ xftdWo] afof xftdf uwf / sdnsf] km"n
lng] bfof xftn] eQmx?sf] cfO{ kg]{ ljklQm gflzlg z+v,rqmwf/L l;l4bfqLb]jLsf]]
k"hf cr{gf u|x0f u/L eujtL l;l4bfqLb]jL elg k"hg ul/Psf] 5 . rlDsnf]
laz'4 d08nsL b]bLKodfg sflGtdo clwi7fqL zq'gfz dxflqk'/f;'Gb/L ci6dft[sf
cfJXfgul/ d+undo /Iff ul/lbg] eujtL x'g . cfkmgf] ;+sfo,s'nfrf/ cg';f/ b'uf{
;KztL-r08L_ kf7 ;lxt d"n e08f/df b'uf{ejfgLsf] :yfkgf ul/ Oi6b]j,s'nb]j
sf] z'4 elQmk"hf,dlxdf / bz{g k"hfcr{gf ul/ tGqf]Qm lalwn]
36:yfkgfsf] snz lj;{hg ul/ c;To dfly ;Tosf] ljho / cf:yfn] a:g] ;]9fO{x?sf]
k/Dk/f 5 . o; lbg ç hoGtL d+unfsfnL eb|sfnL skflngL . b'uf{Ifdf lzj wfqL
:jfxf :jwf gdf]˜:t't] . ç ;'j0fj0ff{d\,rt'e'hfd\ ;jf{Ë /QmfDa/fd\ . ci6dft[sf
:j?k >L l;l4bfqL:j?kfd\ .. bfl/b|o b'vsi6 xl/l0fd\ ;j{l;l4a'l4 j/bflolgd\ .
;j{q ljhozflngLd\,>L dxf l;l4bfqLbJof} gdt:o} gdf] gd M .. -cy{ M
;'g h:t}rlDsnf] /ftf] j:qwf/L zfGt d'b|fwf/L cfzgdf rf/ xft ePsL
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ul/ cflb b'uf{ ejfgLsf] k"hf,:t'tL / >L b'uf{ ;KtztL,ci7dft[sf ul/ bz}
3/df l;l4bfqLb]jL ->L lju|x_ ;Dem]/ km"nkftL /flv k'hg ubf{ cfkmgf
cfTdf, ljWgjfwf,eo -zq',clUg,hn_, 8/, qf;, e"t, k|]t, gju|xbL, ;+s6f
bl/b|, b'vM si6,/f]uJoflw,cfo" cf/f]Uo >La[l4 x'g],zfvf ;Gtfg,kfk
gfz,h'gL e/Lsf] sNof0f kmn k|fKt x'g] z'e ;fO{tsf] sNof0f, dg,jrg sd{ z'4 eO{
dgnfO{ cf1 rqmdf s]lGb|t ul/ t]h sflGt,b'vaf6 oq–k/q ;GttL sNof0f rfxgf t]h
;lxt ;+s6 ;a}df >4f elQmn] dgf]jfl~rt kmn k|fKt x'g] ub{5 . zlQmlk7df eg]
zf:qf]/,tGqf]Qm lalwn] If]qL ;]9fO{x?n] /fuf,af]sf,xf;,s'v'/f cflb kz' aln
lbO{G5 ,t/ lo afx]s eujltsf] dlxdf emNsg] :t'tL k'hgn] dg'iodfqdf /xg]
lx+;f,qmf]w,cfzlQm,l/;,/fu a}/fUo,czflGt / a}rgLnfO{ aln lbP/ ;fKtLls cfx/Joxf/
u/L cGg,kmn,km"n k|;fbL u/L gl/jn,s'le08f] jf l3/f}nf alnlbP ;]9fO{x?sf]
cf/f]Uotf a9\g] lglZrtk|ofM 5 . df;' ,k/lx+;f / kz'jw zlQm;+ro ;dfhdf geP
/fd|f] dflgG5 .
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ul/ b}lgs k'hf / l6sfsf] ;/bfd k"lh b]jLb'uf{ cfJXfg ul/,;a}
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lkl9df u'lGb|,sfDnf],/l8,un}rf 3/df gju|x,bzf zfGt x'g] tfGqf]Qm / zf:qf]Q/
ljlwn] lglZrt ;dodf xf]dfbL ul/ hd/f r9fO{ l6sf v'nfO{ cflz{jfb ;lxt 3/df ePsf
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;Tosf] ljhosf] k|lts t/v'sf] l6sf /ftf]
l6sf km"n k|;fb hd/f cfkm" eGbf 7"nfsf] xftaf6 u|x0f ul/ ld7f] ksjfg 3/4f/df ;a}n] vfg' v'jfpg' kb{5 .
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5f]8\g'-lkË v]Ng'_ kb{5 . r]nLj]6L,5f]/L,a'xf/L,HjfO{ efGhf / ;fgf e'/fe'/Ldf
uR5] cg';f/sf] bfg blIf0ff lbg' .3/df l6sf yfKg] ;a}nfO{ la6'nf] d'v gk7fO{
b'w,s]/f,df5f,df;',ksjfg,ls;ld;sf] Kofs]h jf 6k/Ldf /f]6L,lrp/f lbO{ k7fpg] .
u[x0fLx? klg ;a zfGt ,zf}DolrQ eO{ 3/sf] sfd ul/lbg',ghfGg]nfO{
l;sfpg',hfg]sfn] ul/lbg' . cfkm"eGbf 7"nfnfO{ 9f]Ubf l/Q}
g9f]Ug',cfkmgf j+zhdf Ps 6k/L /f]6L ksjfg ls;ld; crf/ s]/f /flv 9f]Ug' . of] lbg
l/;fpg' / egj}/ gug'{,ljt[i0f,cfn:o,/f]u,lrGtf,eo ;jdfly ljho ug'{ .cfkmgf] an
aflx/sf bfHo"efO{ lblb,a}gL 5/l5d]sdf ;d]t l6sf nufpg' / ;bfrf/ / ;fdflhs
;b\efj sfod ug'{kb{5 . cfkmgf j+z-cfkm" ;lxtsf &
k':tf,dfjnL,;;'/fnL_u'?,;xwld{0fLdf l6sf 5'6fpg' x'b}g,5'6fpg] sf] cgGt hLjg
czfxoM x'g ;S5 . dlb/f,dBkfg,w'd|kfgsf nt ePsfn] gjb'uf{e/L
jf/L-3/,sf]7f,rf]6fdf gvfg'_ lbg' / kl/jf/sf] s'nfrf/ sfod ug{ ;3fpbf
;]9fO{x?sf] :t/a[l4 x'g] s'/fdf b'O{dt 5}g . o; lbgdf gjb'uf{df /fv]sf] af]sf
jf vl;sf] 6fpsf] ;kmf ul/ d/d;nf /flv Sjft-l;Ë} 6fpsf] ksfpg] ljlw_ ;kl/jf/ vfg
;lsG5 . of] lgs} kf}li6s,tflTjs / lxts/L 5 . cfkm"n] dfGg] u/]sf ;a}
hfthftL,sfd ug]{ aif{ e/Lsf ;xsld{ ;a}nfO{ af]nfO{ v'jfpg' kb{5 .
Psfblz,4fblz,qof]bzL rf}yL / k"l0f{df
lo lbgx? ;]9fO{x?sf] s'nfrf/df ljhobzld ;/x dfO{tL,dfjnL,6f9fsf
aGw'x?sfnfuL l6sf hd/f ;lxt ;lhg ;lsg] 5 .l3/f}nf / df;'sf] ;'s'l6 vfg]x?sf]
nflu Psfblz afx]ssf lbg v'nf x'g]5 . cGox?sf nflu /f]6L ksjfg ls;ld;
sfqmf],s'le08f]sf] crf/ s]/f b'w vfglbg] ul/G5 .s'g} ;fgf afnaRrfsf]
kfl:g,u[xk|j]z,gljg sfo{ yfnlg,em}ed]nf cGt l6sfsf] lbgaf6 k"l0{fdf ;Dd
ubf{ s'g} kl08t,k"/f]lxt,;fO{t h'/fpg' kb]{g . 3/ ;Nnfx,5'l6leGg,k':tf
klxrfg,lzIff,:j:Yo,cfk|jf;sf ;d:o lg/fs/0f ug]{ l5d]sLnfO{ ;fGtjgf / ;befj\
af8\g] / cfkmgf] hGd:yn Psk6s k'Ug] t'nkm"n vfg] ldqjt cj;/ ;d]t olx ;do
plrt x'G5 . cfklt,ljklQ,h"7f],;'ts /x]sf Psn;dfhsf,ul/j,lgd'vf,algtf ;a
efO{rf/f hft hftL gx]/L ul/g] ;b\efj tkfO{ ;kmntfsf] nflu sl; x'g]5 e]6\g'
af]nfpg' ;'v b'v af8\g' cfzfltt\ aGg / p2f/ sfo{df h'6\g] cj;/ gu'dfpg' . wd{ wf/0f
ug]{ / Jojxf/df b]lvg] ub{5 ,olx lhjgsf] sd{k|flKt xf],sd{ tkfO{sf] kfnfgf
-od,lgod_ xf],b08 lng] / lbg] ;dfh-b]jtf_ xf] . hLjGt lglZrtk|foM 5 . :ju{ v'l;
/ cf/f]Uotfdf o:t} dflysf rf8kj{ / kfngfdf /x]sf] 5 . e8\lsnf] ;dfh lb3{sflng
5}g,b]jtf tkfO{sf] cfTdfdf k/f]ksf/L x'bf /Dg] ub{5g\ t;y{ ;]9fO{ s'nfrf/
afFr]sf] / afFRg] 5 . lo tYonfO{ a'emg' / a'emfpg' lzIff xf] .kb / dfg\ s'l;{df
/xbf ;Dej 5 . jftj/0f / w/0fL xfd|f] ;r]tg ;gftg agfpb} ef/jfxs alg hGd kl5sf]
sd{ yfDg p2tl5g\ . t;y{ j+z slxNo} e'Ng / 3[0ffdf kfg'{ c;kmn aGg' xf] . olxsd{
aGw'x?df bz}rf8sf] ;Gb]z xf] .
a|t-k'hg_ lalw M
!= cfkm"n] rfx]sf]
pkzfgf ug]{ ljlw j|t xf] . ;b\,lrt\ / cfgGbsf nflu,ljktdf w}o{ wf/0f
ug{,;'vbsf] lj;f{O{nfO{ ;+:d/0f ug{ j|t
ul/G5 .
@= xftv'§fsf gË sfl6 z'4
:gfg ul/ ;flKtsL ! 5fs ef]hg ug]{ .
#= a|Xf|rfo{ kfng ul/ vf6
lj5f}gf Toflu e"lddf zog ug]{ .
$= a|t lbgb]lv cGt;Dd emu8f
,b'jfRo,clxt gug]{ . ;flTjs efj Cbodf /fVg] .
ljif]z k'hf M
stf{ a:g]n] @$ 306f cuf8L /fhzL{,dBdf+; vfgf Toflu z'e ;kl/jf/
kljqdgn] :gfgfbL,lgTosd{,Gof;,Wofg jl; z'4a:qn] s'zf;gdf al; k"j{ kmls{
tfdfsf] yflndf s/dkfq agfO{ ltg 6'q,mf s'z / hn lnO{ cfrdfg ul/ hn
5s{g],;+Dk"0f{ zl//,3/,;fdfu|L ,j+z ;lDem ;+sNk uf]bfg ul/lbg] . cfkmgf]
gfd uf]q v'nfO{ d]/f] ;+Dk"0f{ b'v s'n p2f/,lzIff,:jf:Yo,vfglhg,jf;df c;/
gxf]; / hGd hLjg,D[fTo'nfO{ ;xh agfpg',km"n,blx,b"jf],rGbg,kmn cIftf
ldnfO{ ;"o{nfO{ c3{ lbg',k|0ffd / Gof; ul/,z+vf,306f yflk Wofg d'b|fdf
w'k,lbkn] xf]dg ul/ k'Hg' .rfdfn jf wfgsf] 6k/Ldfly hnn] el/Psf] snz,k"hf ;fdfu|L ;lxtsf] e"ld
wfgsnzdf 5'g'.k'hf ;fdfu|L ;lxtsf] snzdf lkknsf] kft /flv j?0f yflk rf/}lt/
5'g' .k~rfd[t r9fpg' .cf;L{df çsf/ n]lv tfdfsf] yfnLdf cfkmgf O{i6
s'nb]j,:yflg,dflg s'gsf] a|t xf] n]lv ;/bfd-w'k, lbk, g}j]B, rGbg, cIftf, k'ik,
kq, kmn, hn_,o1;'q,ltn hf},s'zn] k'Hg' .
%= k|To]s
lbg ;/bfd-w'k,lbk,g}j]B,rGbg,cIftf,k'ik,kq,kmn,hn_ dWofGg cf;L{df çsf/ n]lv
tfdfsf] yfnLdf /flv cfkmgf] dgsf] eujfgsf] cfJXg ub]{ k'Hg]-u0f]z cfJXg ul/
jflQ afln,k+~rf]krf/n] jf iff]8;fkrf/n]
a|DXf,lai0f',cflbTo,;f]d,ef}d,j'w,u'?,z'qm,zlg,/fx' s]t' ;Dem]/ k'Hg]_,g}j]B
r9fpg] .
^= k"hf
l;4fO{ Cbol;t c3{ lbO{ k"0f{kfq / snz ;]nfO{ bfg blIf0f ;lxt O{i6ldq l6sf,
uf]bfg / e'/f;L 6qmfpg,'lzbf / labf u/L k~rfd[t / k|;fbL afl8lbg' vfg lbO{
;fgfGb labf lbg' .
Xf]dfbL M kljq k'hg sfo{df z'4 eO{ stf{n]
-d+unfsf/_P]kg n]kg -j]bL_ k'hg :yndf !=% lkm6 nfdf] ;fn,:jfld,rfksf] ;ldbfdf
clUg yflk z'4 Wo",wfg,rfdn,ltnsf] r? agfO{ ! dfg] tfdfsf] dfgfaf6
;'O{/f]n] Wo" / kl08t,HjfO{ efGhfn] r? a]b dGqf]pRrfx/0f ;lxt cfJxfg ul/
tGqf]St / zf:qf]t/ lalwdf cfkmgf s'n j+z / jn leqsf / :yflgdflgnfO{ clUg ;fl5
/flv ;a} O{z elStdf xf]Dg] ljlw ljwfg xf] . h'g z]if efu z'4 Wo"df km]6L
t/fv'agfO{ klxnf] l6sf nufO{G5 .of] ;]9fO{ hfltsf] ;a} k'hg ljlwdf clgjfo{ 5 .
;]9fOhflt{x?sf] s'nfrf/df dg'io zl//sf] sf]zx?n] cGtlglxt qmf]df]hd 58
cfsf/sf -cg'j+lzstf_ df l8PgP $^ j6f lnPsf] x'G5. loggsf] k'R5/df 6]nfld/]h h'g
6]nf]d]/fh O{GhfO{d-tTj_ b'O{ ldln j+zf0f' u'0f /xg] x'bf Ps} vfn] xl;nf
,df]l6nf, uf]/f]kgf, h'emf?, xl7kg, wfld{stf, af]lnrfnL,rfn9fn / ;befj x'g] /
d[Toj/0fdf klg Ps} vfn] cg'j+lzs /f]u nflu lhjf0f'sf] lzsf/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . log}jf6 b'Mv ;DemfO{ dgnfO{ !) ldg]6
?jfpg],Gof;,Wofgdf cfO{ ;a zl// xNNnfO{ lgZjf; :jf; km]/L uh{g ;lxt xf:g], çsf/
af]Ng],l/;,/fu,cfj]unfO{ df/L zfGt eO{ k|;fbL vfg] af8\g] . /flq ehg ug]{,;'Gg
;'gfpg rfx]df ehg lst{g dlxdf ;'gfpg] . cfkm"nfO{ dgkg]{ O{Zj/,dg,jrg,sd{
,/+u larf/L ,of]u,od,lgod,cfrf/ l;sfpg] / cfkm"n] ug]{ . pQfgf] k|zGg
d'b|fdf zl//nfO{ l;wf ul/ ;kmf tg dgdf cfvf aGb ubf{ /ft x'G5,To;df tGb|sf ;fy
lgb cfpg] x'bf ;fIft cfTd /dfpg] ul/ lgbfpg] .
नोट ः स्वजन बन्धुहरुले अध्ययान गर्नु भई प्रतिक्रिया लेखि पठाई दिनु । झयाउरे कविता भएकोले कम समयमा बर्णविन्यास,व्यकरण हेरिएको छैन । केहि भएमा लेखि दिनु ।यसमा ३ प्रकारका अमुक बिषय छन् । सेढाई वंश परम्परा,बिश्व परिवेश, कसरि लेखे रातो निजि विचार हरियो शास्त्रीय हो । अध्याययन शिलनै महानता हुनेछ । पुन सुधारी बन्धुहरुमा राख्ने छु ।
हरि प्रसाद सेढाई
cËL/f ;]9fO{ aGw' ;dfhsf] nflu
x]
dftf s?0ffdoL,lj0ff / k':ts ;fydf lnO{
x+;jfxgL
xf} b[li6 lbg'xf];\ ,ljBfsf] bfg} lbO{
..
klËtkl9
lbg' vf]h tYo km/s eP aGw'n] ;'wf/L
;To
leGg eP n]lv lbg' Pstfn] efj of] ljrf/L ..
tYox?
M uf]qM clË/;-ClifM c+uL/f_,aGw' M z'qm,kbM k8l/of,zfvf M w'Gw'nL zfv cWw]oL , s'nb]jtf
M sflnsf,;+sfo M -lxdw+'_ lxGb', ;Dk|fbfo Ma|fDx0f, n]vgM ;]9fO{ -hf]zL, d}gfnL,
If]qL, vlq, zdf{_ j0f{ M ux'uf]/f],k]zf M s[lif, gf]s/L, :jfdL u|x M
-u",u],uf],;f,;f],;",;],jf_zlg, /flz M s'De,/Tg pk/Tg M gLnd,hfd'lgo,a;f]jf;
M ;dy/ kxfl/nf] ufpm j]lz
k|j[tL
M wfld{s,pTklt M s'dfp ;]8fj];L o'=lk ef/t 8f]of ;+3{ifkl5 s'ndGbg zfxsf]
Hof]ltif jlg klZrd nDh'Ësf] lrlt qmd; k"sf{Ë s'G5f wflbË sfe|] ,a;fO{
;/fO{ M t/fO{sf lrtjg,emfkf,df]/Ë,e}/xjf,bfË cflb
cf/tL M u0f]zM
Ps
bfFt afËf] gfs ePsf >L u0f]znfO{ gd:sf/ 5
lz/df
l;w'/ ;'xfpg] d";f] jxfg agfO{ lx8\g] ug'{x'G5
cf1jfg
dxfb]j / kfj{tLk'q cGt:s/0fsf] gd:sf/
lbk
kl5 k'hg ltd|f] efjn] lxGb'Tjsf] cfbf/ ;Tsf/
wlg
ul/asf dgdf a:g],;t\dfu{,;b\a'l4 ;lx Wofg
lztn
5fx/L lbO{ O{R5fPsf] jf ;]jsnfO{ lbg] ;dfg
cg]s
km"n cIftf g}j]Bn] k'hf ul/g] ;asf eujfg
o:tf
tkfO{nfO{ gd:sf/ ;u} hfbf klys aGg] zfg ..
z+s/M
cf]pd\sf/
lzj,a|Dxf lai0f' ;asf clwklt,
jxfg
xf;,u?8,uf]? ;f9] r9\g] ;'xfpg] clt
@,$,!)
xft clt ;'xfpg] ltg ?k ePsf slt,
lqe'jgsf]
klt kfns h] r9fPklg km"nkflt,
?b|fIf
nufpg] rGbg d[u5fnf jf v/fgL 3l; clt
;'xfpg]
xnf],uf]? ,kx]nf] af3sf]5fnf nufpg] lbuDj/
e"t,
k|]t lkrfz glGb,e[uL u0fx?sf] ;fydf lx8\g]
zd;fg3f6df
a:g]lqnf]s klt çcIf/fltt\ kl9g]
lqnf]ssf
k|f0f/Ifs ,kl/kfns z'eehg ;+:d/0f xf}
;+;f/sf]
kmn k|fKt u/L ej;fu/ ;w} tb{f ;Demf} .
b]jL M
dftf
uf}/L,sfnL s'df/L,rfd'08 ltd|f] bz{g kfp
xl/,lzj,a|Dxf
;lxt b]j b]jL ;bf v'l; agfp
lz/df
l;w'/ nufO{ d[ugogL,olx g} xf] hutnfO{
d]/f
pk/df gogg] cflz{jfb lbg'xj; eQm ;dfO{ ..
b'/frf/L,/Stljh,bf]lif,9jfuL
,sk6L vf]hL s07d'08g
lblUjhoL
dfnf agfO{ ,v8\s xftdf lnO{,pGd'ng
/fIf;L
d'6'kmf]/L xfd|f]]nflu c;'/x? dfl;lbg],
gj/flq,gj/Tg,gjdfnf,;[li6bftf
elg klxl/g] ..
;a} /Iff
ul/lbg] ltld lhjg kfns hut hggL
;'v
;'ljwfdf b'vsl7g x6fpb} xfd|f kmut gdfgL
km"n,cIftf,rGbgsf]
k'hgnfO{ cf/tL ;+DemL lbg'
v';
eO{ ;Dk"0f{ r/fr/ k|fl0fdfqsf] lxtu/Llbg' ..
nlIdM
wgsL
b]lj ltld xf} bftf ;]js k'sf{5g\ 1ftf
ha
v8\sG5 vfrf] xl/ lai0f' / cGo ljwftf
w]/}n]
k'sf/L pdf,/df,a|Dxfl0f ltld ;+;f/sL
dftf ;"o{
rGb| gf/b Clif ;asL 1ftf ;TjsL ..
ha
eH5g\ eQmn] wg wfGo zlQm ;/L aG5g\,
Cl4
l;l4 :ju{ kftnsf] cg'ej :jhg ub{5g
wd{
sd{ dg arg z'4 x'G5,h'g 4f/df ltld 5f}
;a{
;DkGg x'g] c;Dej klg ;Dej x'g] ltld xf} ..
o1
j:q vfgf lkgf ;a ldN5 ;fydf al;lbbf
;a
u'0f d7 d+lGb/ ;'Gb/ x'G5 elQmefjdf al;bf
sfd
aG5 lx/f dl0f ;a ldN5 sf]dn r/0f kfp
xfld
;w} ltd|f] dlxdf ufO{ kl/kfns aGg kfpm ..
;/:jtL M
klxnf]
ef/tLgfd,bf>f]df xf} ;/:jtL
t]>f]df
zf/bfb]lj,rf}yf]df x+;flxgL
kfrf}
xf} >LhuGdftf,5}7f] xf} jfu]Zj/L ltdL
;KtdL
gfd sf}df/L,j/bfogL x'g ci7dL ..
gjf}df
l;l4bfqLdfF,bzf}df a|Dxrf/L0fL
P3f/f}
rGb|306f xf} afx|f] dftf e'jg]Zj/L
kljq
afx| gfd}n] lq;GWo ufg ub{5g
a|Dxf?k
eO{ b]jL,lha|f]df klg a:b5g ..
xg'dfg M
snf
xf} ;[li6sf] dfgj hftL / wd{ ;+sfosf],
;]js
xf} /fd l;tfsf] ;ldk sQ{Jo k/fo0fsf]
afx'ans}
sf/0f kxf8 p9fO{ /fdsfndf l;4
;l~hjlg
j'l6 hl8j'6L xf} ;xof]uL cGhgL k'q ..
;[li6sf
g/ jfg/ ltld ;fw' eQmklg clt
h]
;'lDkof] b'i6 /fj0fsf] n+sf eid}sf] b'u{lt
6f9f
lyof] ;ft ;d'Gb| kf/ u/L bxg n+ssf]
vf]hL
l;tfnfO{ cf}7L lrgf] lbof} lgzs+fsf] ..
ef]ls
d}ln lgofp/L l;tf ljrf/L vf]hL x]/L
/fdsf]
cf}7L kf; ul/ kxndfg lj/ lt oL
c;'/sf]
eid u/LvfO{ kmnkm"n a[If ntfdf
gfzef]
au}rf/fj0fsf] HfNof] n+sf ;asf ..
nIf'd0f
d"5f{ lyP jgkm"n cf}ifwL lng
Bf}
x'G5sL elg Nofof} kj{t p7fO{sg
;+lhjlg
j'l6 lbO{ ljpTofO{ n8fs' ;f/f
/fj0f
b'i6 Joflerf/L xf/] ;t l;tfpk/ ..
/fdsf]
eQm ltld jfof xftn] c;'/ dfg]{
bfoFf
xft elQmdf lyof] u2f /fd|f] k|xf/ ug]{
z'/,g/,d'lg ;a xfld ltldnfO{ ;+DemG5f}
a}s'07af;L
elgsg xfld w'klbk ck{G5f} ..
cflbd sflng aGw' :j:Yo M
Tof]
lg/fsf/ a|Dxf,of] ;fsf/ a|Dxf -k|s[tL_ klg k"0f{ 5
k'0f{
lg/fsf/ a|Dxfaf6 k"0f{ ;fsf/ a|Dxf k|s6 ePsf] 5
k"0f{af6
k"0f{ lgsfNbf jf hf]8\bf ;w} k"0f{ g} x'G5
a|DxTj
ç a|Dxfltt\,a|Dxlng 1fgsf] kfngfn] lbG5 ..
d u'??k
k/fdfTdnfO{ gd:sf/ ub{5'
lt Ps
eP/ klg cg]s sNof0fsf/L x'+
zflGtbftf
:j;'vjf6 pTkGg sNof0fstf{ x',
;'vbftf
k"0f{ k|e'nfO{ Jokfs nflu k|0ffd u{5' ..
of]
sfn rqm h;jf6 ;+k"0f{ hut k}bf xf]O{hfG5'
h;df
;a} l:y/ /xG5 / km]/L nLg w'j|;To x'G5
sfnsf]
u|x,;"o{,zfl/l/s k|0ffnL,cfTdf /St ;+rf/
lo sfn
-;do_ g} xf] k|f0fL kl/kfns,gfzs ckf/..
lrQ
cyjf dg r]tgfsf] s]Gb| ePsf]n]
lrQ
;'l4nfO{ wd{sf] d"n dflgPsf]n]]
aif]{f
cf/f]Uo eP/ cfgGbk"j{ z'e sd{ ub]{ afrf}
sfwFn]
k"0f{ ;dembfl/sf ;fy O{dGbf/Lk"j{s gfrf} ..
lhDd]jf/LnfO{ k'/f ug'{k5{, kmn :jtM k|fKt x'G5
a|Dx
lai0f' dx]Zj/ c,p,d Psfsf/ Jofks /xG5
cfn:o,lgGb|f
/ lx;f+af6 ;w} hgn] kl5 x6\g' k5{
z:q /
wd{zf:q,afa' u'? af6 lzIff lng' kb{5 ..
C0f
/fi6« ldqnfO{ ge'Ng' u|fxs ;do,d'To' kv{b}g , kl/>d,O{Zj/ / ljBfdf ;w} lrQ
nufpg' k5{
gftf
lglt / wd{ dfg]sf] km]g'{ x'b}g,
wg
ljp / jg gfz slxNo} ug'{ x'b}g ..
kfk,1fg,ljrf/
gy'Gg',afa' afh] / a/fh' hfGg',
j]lAfrf/L
cwld{ / d'v{sf] ljgo slxNo} g;'Gg'
C0f
cfuf] zq'sf] z]if afls g/fVg',
cfbf/
sQ{Jo 1fg rf8} b]vfpg' ..
xfjf
kflg vfgf k|f0f /Ifs x'g'
k|]d,s?0ff,;Tsf/
C[bodf lng'
clt{,cf}iflw
,wd{ lttf] gld7f] x'G5
bftf
dftf O{z ;]jf ug'{ k5{ ..
wd{
pkb]z 3/ hxf klg ;+lDem/xg',
dfof
kfgL h/f tn hfG5 a'lem/xg'
a|Dxrfo{,;flTjs,;kmfO{n]
cfo" a9fp5
a[4,zf:q,k|s[tlsf]
cg'ej ug'{ k5{ ..
;do
e"t,jt{dfg / eljiot\ x'G5
;d'Gb|
e"ld cfdf ;xglznf x'g kfp5
afns,ef]sf],kfundf
bof b]p hgdf 5
xfjf
O{Zj/ efUo cb[Zo lxtsf/Ldf 5 ..
/fHo,bLg,s'n
jGw' x'g ltd|f ;v] x'g
cfuf]
l/; /f]u kfNg' x'b}g 6f9f /fv],ltg
cfO{hfg],vfO{hfg],lbO{hfg]
;a} dfG5] x'g
b|Joglb
df]xdf gaflwg' ;fbf hLjg h'g ..
/f]u,c1fg
kb zq' x'g lhjgdf glng'
a}B,ldq,u'?sf]
;ldkdf u|fxL eO{ a:g' ,
O{gfd,OHot
:jtGqtfsf] n8fO{ x'g' k5{
dftf
lktf u'?sf] cfbf/ dw'/ af]nLdf 5 ..
uf]ln
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!#)
3/w'/L v/ l6g h:tfn] agfO{
xl;nf
76\of}nf algtf ;]9fO{ /dfO{ ..
hg;+Vof
lzIff k]zf cfw'lgs cg]sfg
lemnLldln
5 cfkmg} aGw'n] oTgdxfg
c?
hftL y/ ;a} ldln afr] ;'rgf ;fv
k]zf
wd{ g5f]8] glbO{ s;}nfO{ xfs ..
s6'tf
gaf]Ng] km/fl;nf ;fdflhs ag]
k|fljlws
lzIffg} phfu/ b]z k|]d u/]
gfgLx?
lahodfg cfo'idlt wld{0fL
u[x:y
algtf ;'wf kf]l6nf ulel0fL ..
;Gtfg
lbO{ x/bd x6fO{ df]x ;Gtfk
cxf]
lrlt ;3g} al:t af; ckf/
e]l6G5
;Tj /h tdf] u'0fn] ;fx/f
agj'6f
ntf kmnflb cGg clt cfx/f ..
u/L
;'rgf sd{bf glb b]znfO{ l;++rg
;';fpl5g
axlnb} ;]9fO{ :jR5 dg
u8u8fO{
d]3dfnf 6sdsfpg] tf/f
kmls{
x]/L b]p aGw' hnflw zlQm ckf/ ..
Toflu
w'd|kfg dBkfg j+zdf gb]p
elg
clUnG5 lr;fkflg ;fd'Gg] a'lemBf}
lg/If/
af cfdf ul/lj l;tsf] v/fgL
xfl;
d5{ ;b/d'sfdsf] lkr l;/fgL ..
lzIff
a9f]Q/Ldf hg;+Vof g6'qmfp
phfu/
u/ /f]h} 3/ b}nf] ltd|f] /dfp
hfp
k/b]z d]xg]tn] wg Tof] ;dfp
kms{
3/ :jR5 dgn] kl/jf/df /dfp
b'v
g} ;'v /ft kl5sf] pHofnf] k5fp ..
k|dfb
xft afx'n] :jR5 pGgt v]lt pAhfp
l8lx
/ /fdrf]s j]l;df s[lif hdfp
aga'6f
z]/fkmf6df c? kmn kmnfp
3}of
sf]bf] ds} /l;nf] cGg Tof] vfp ..
ltnxf/df
;'Gtnf slkmn] ;hfp
aGw'
xf] dfosf] ;dfh ltd|} ;dfp
If]lq
s]l; x}g hft gf/L k'?if dfq}
l/Q}
cfof} /dfof} snfn] hfg' l;Q} ..
z'e
;fem c p d hlk j+zhdf l/Q}
kx/f
wg n'sfpb} 5 Tof] kfO{b}g XjfQ}
z'e
;fem hfu|tdf % ldg]6 j+zhnfO{
cfx/f
vf]lh r/L kms]{ ;/L a; /dfO{ ..
k"sf{Ë M
;dy/
;'Vvfg} 5 s'G5f k"sf{Ë ufp
^)
3/sf gfdn] k|l;4 ;dy/ 7fp
cf]efgf],5}g
lxnf] w'nf] xfjf x'/L ts
z'e
;fem 3dfOnf] ufp j];L t/]nL ;a ..
sf]bf]
kmfk/ ux' hf} wfg df;sf] v]lt
l;l9
rf}t/f la;f}gL nvf} kmFf6 ;d]6L
xf8]6f/
l;dnrf}/ nfdfrf}/ ;'Gtn] ufpm
cfp
aGw' xf};nf a9fp Pstf hufp ..
kf]v/fsf]
:jf/ ;fnwf/L lz/df ;Nn]/L
b]ljyfg
dfly tn hËn kftn e+u]/L
lxpbdf
sf]lsn r/f vfG5g cË]/L
ufp
ljr xfO{:s'n 5 v]t 5 wo]/L ..
a8x/]
6f/L cf}nLlzv| ;'Gtn] s'G5fdf
a:5g\
j+;h km/flsnf] v;|f 5g xf]8df
6'x'/]k;ndf
lzjfnosf] kmfu'k'0f]{ lzj/fqL
cxf]/fq
k'hg ljt] xfd|f k"vf{x?sf] lbO{ u'7L ..
ufO{afv|f
k/]jf s'v'/f :yflgo hftsf
ul/jLg}
5 alni6 uf]/f 5f]6f lt sbsf
rf]nf]
u'Gx' klx/g] /Qm/+lht sfblDjgL
lbg
lng x'g] r]nLj]6L 3/sf ;+lhjgL ..
k|fljlws
lzIffdf s]lx nfx'/] k/b]lz
;/sf/L
;]jfdf dgUo 5l/P :jb]lz
;f]emf
algtf vfg k'U5 s[lifn] dlx
a'emb}gg
c?sf s'/f kfO{G5 blx ..
kl/ro M
km/flsnf]
k"sf{Ë ufpm a]l; kf]6nf ufO{ a:t'x?
pdfgGbsf
;GttL xfdL !#!& kl5 /fhf hf]ltif
al:t
lyof] nfdf ltldN;Lg zfxL 7s'/L xdfn
df}hf
ljtf{ kfP ul/vfg] kxfl/nf] k"sf{Ë ufpm ..
5f]/f
z]ifsfGtsf kfr efO{ gf/0fbQ /fdk|;fb
uf}/LsfGt-b]ljbQ_,hDbf/
;flxnf eGg] xh'/a'jfsf afp
b]ljbQ
lyP Gofod"lQ{ If]q sdf08/ klZrd # g{ sf
Clif/fd,/fdbQ,k"0f{bQ
/ /]lZd/fh lzj kfrefO{sf af ..
l8=Clif/fd
sf o1k|;fb / t'n;Lk|;fb b'O{ 5f]/f
pg}
o1sf a'l4,lzj,xl/,;"o{ /fds[i0f / lagf]b
d
Tolx zfvfsf] xl/k|;fb, 5f]/f ldng clg ;'dg
hd'gf
>Ldlt cf/f]Uo ;]9fO{ y/sf] z'esfdgf .
;a}yf]s
ul/jLn]
pv'sf] nfsf]{ ;u} l3psf] lkTsf] /x]gsL
g'gsf]
l9sf] gx'bf em/em/ eml/df em'Nsf] dfg]gsL
k/fnsf]
3f;sf] TofGbf] gx'bf ds}sf] u]8f] kmn]g
af]l8
sf];f] gnfu]sf] /f} h:tf ;'s]{f afem} 5g\ ;dsflng .
cfuf]sf]
d':nf]df kmGsf] dfl/aflwPsf] vl;sf] kmfN;f]
t'sf]{
e'6g gxfln kfgf] dl/r lh/f ;d]t gx'bf sfrf]
d}tfn'
geO{ c~h'nL e/L kflg lkpg] d]/L zfxbft cfdf
csf6\o
/ cuDo zfx;df cu|fv ag]sL pksf/L .
cf]bfgdf
s'8f] a;fn]/ Ps5lSs / ;'vdf sfNkgLs
n}gf]
as]gf]{ / v]lt afln ljw'/ slt hGdh]o c+nsf/L
ax'efifL
sd{of]uL x'g\ g sL sf]7]/flg nu8f] 3/sf]
sfgf]
/ nu8f] k'/ftg ;dfh s[t1g,If0fe/ ;lxbsf] .
lIflthsf
cNnf/] vf]/f]08f] uGtJon] uyf;f] sYb} c?
u[x:ydf
lu2]b[li6 ug]{x?sf] lrtf / cf:tLs :joQx?
cfz'sljsf
c3f]/L pkTosf l5rf]n]/ ch]o 5g\ .
dgsf
pkTodf cgle1 chft zq'x? cb[Zo lyP
cg'kd
x]/fO{ / cwj}z] sbx? cGwf] x'bfsf] cGt]li6,
ckf/
/ cd/ dfofsf] lrgf] d,sNkgfsf] cwf{gf] 5'
nu8f]
;h{s / ldtefifLsf] >dlhjL ;dfhdf aflwP5' .
cj;/jflbsf]
cslnkgo :jKgfnLn cfWof]kfGt 9'sL
ckl/d]o
bGtsflnsf] cfTdxTosf] z+;o Tof] If0f,
rf}jlGwsf]
lr/x/0fdf lgi7'/ k'8=df8= lr/GhLlj /]
d[b'efifL
alg ;xztflJb s[lif gu/L 9jfuL alg vfPsf] .
s:n]
b]Vof] hggL g]K6] x'b} efn]sf] k]zfdf t6:y /x]sf]
;dfhsf]
wf/f]df ysfnL alg ku/L u'ly y'lk| a;]sf]
yf]t]
blxlrp/] y]uf]n] bfO{hf]sf] cjojnfO{ lylrs'Nr]sf]
b'/
e'Q] lbIffdf bfk w;L bzsf} k'?ifTj ar{Zj sdfPsf].
gf;f]
lyP sL< dfyj/ of] gfl:ts lgsf;sf] d lgd{n
lgjf{;gsf]
e"0f{ sL,cfw/ x' k|ltWjgLsf] 9l8ofsf] d+un
lh1f;'
d h'D;f]kgfsf] km'Ssf x}g wf/ x' ls ;+;f/sf]
;]jfn]
a? xfd|f aGw'sf] a]7L auf]/L u/L dg{ kfpm ..
d
cUnf]
eP/ x}g cfUnf] ag',cGo x}g cGg /f]hf}
;Hhgsf]
cfF6df cft ag',cfFpm x}g cfO{ d /f]hf}
cfFwL
x}g,cfwL d ag' ,pmgL dfq x}g pgL lrgfp
cfef;
dfq s] /< cfjf; d a;fpg ;sf}
pk]Iff
ljl;{ ;h{s ck]IFff ;bf ljrf/L afRg kfpm.
pko'Qm
dfq geO{ pko'{Qm x'b} hfUg ;bf ;adf
s]ft
x}g sf]6 klx/fg sf]; ts d rNg kfpm
sf]ifsf]
;+dof]hg ;+u},nfvf} ;]9fO{ sf]z l;+rg u/fp
s[lt
ul/ljdf sLlt{ ;bf ufp,3/df a+zh ;dfp
lsg\
x}g aGw' lsg gd| uj{ :j/df k|To]s ue{ ;hfp
lr/
x}g rL/ alg vfln gaGg' vfnLdf e/L b]p
a+zhdf
u'0f g} s] u'gsf] s'nalg s"n gaxsfp
la>fdsf]
vtdf v6df /flv cflb cGt ;hfp
lg0f{o
vf6af6 vfs agfpg] x}g vftaf6 5fGg kfp
cf8Da/L
vf]n\ Toflu vflssf] vf]ndf a? y'?? sfd'
uf7\sf]
vft x}g u7fsf] x}l;otdf afr' a?
uf]6f
ug]/ x} uf]tf kfP/ /dfpg' ul/la ;+u} d
rLgsf]
lasf; lrgL a+zhsf] ;dfpg kfpm d
hflt
/ klxrfgn] hftL agf];\ ;bf sd{ of],
h"jf
Toflu h'jf ;dfO{ hGdyft / 3/df xf]
h'gnfO{
klxrfgb} h"gsf] cfugdf /dfp lbkn]
6f6f]
gagL tftf] w'kdf hNg kfp d,
tf/sf]
/f];lg klqmb} 6f/df /dfp a?
vfgf
tfg'{ gk/f]; 6fl/ vfrf] 6fg'{ c?
6f/L
v]tsf sfGnf tf:bf tfn d kfpm
tfnsf]
lgsf; kflg k6fpb} s[lif u/f} d
7fg
lgsf] yfg Roflt bfld klx/gdf,
l/;,/fu
bfdL ;f}/fxdf 5f]8L NfTofp a?
tfk
;xg' eGbf 6fk alg s'lnrf} sL <
tL/
aGg' eGbf lt/ alg ;'w|f}p a+z c?
bLg
gagf]; a/ lbgg} /dfpb} km'nf} sL <
b]vL
l;sfO{ g]kfn} b]lv ;';Eo agfp tL ..
lbzf
/f]hL lb;fsf] phf{ b]zdf ;hfp
4]ifdf
afRg]x?nfO{ k§L aflw kl§ b]vfp d
kf6f]
km]g]{nfO{ pl5tf] kfg]{sf] kftf] s;' d
kf0fLnfO{
;bf ;'dfu{df kfgL d lknfpm
kfnL
agfO{ lgl/x a+zhnfO{ kfln a;'sL <
kf/L
3ft Jofyfdf kf/L tf? sL d
kfz
x}g k'/fsf] kf; k'/sf] agfp5' d
km]l/
x}g km]/L k'/ftg k|rng s6'tf
agr/f]
agL x}g aGr/f] alg lr? Df
aGbf
kmnfO{ j08f nufpbf,
afF;sf]
3fF;n] jf;df vl; s/fpbf
jfhL
xf]8n] alh Tof] gafemL /dfp sL
jL0ff
ahfO{ ljgf a:bf 5}g vfgf eFf8fdf
e]fsn]
ef}lts zl//df ef]u nufp5 ef8fdf
b"w
lkP/ b't x}g otL vf]Hb} oltn] k'U5 /<
o;n]
lsg ozsf] ;Ddfg lbG5 / .
/fF8f]
;dfhdf /fF8Lsf] cke|z ;h{sx?
Nfx8
x}g nx/ Nofb} :j/f]huf/L vf]hf} a?
n]p
lasf; n]p nfu]df ;kmf u/ lbndf
laif
adg u/L jL; k'/ofp ltd|f] ;]jfdf .
ljwf
;fy} ljBfdf ;Gtfg tL nufp
jfhL
x}g jflh lbnn] klg sfddf nufp
v/]nyf]s
sfe|]
lhNnf v/]nyf]sdf clt xfd|f aGw'sf
c+lu/f
Clifsf ;Gtfg jf;L w/0fLkf}jfsf
w/0f
k|f=lj / sdfO{ vfg] ;dy/ hldgdf
cBfjlw
kflg lknfO{ sg kf}jf/L s[lifdf ..
a;]y]
k"jf{h 5/l5d]s kmf6 a];L ufpdf ..
;dflhs
cf]tkf]tsf ;]jf cf>o 7fpdf
r}gk'/
ufpj];Lsf hg>dL lbGy] k|>odf
ldn]sf]
;dfh 76\of}nf aw" ux" uf]/fj0f{
j0f{g'>ddf
/x] ;klTg lgof]u ;GttL k"0f{ ..
ul7nf
TofuL dg jrgsf xl;nf lt slt
a6'jfklg
/dfp5 3'ld r}gk'/ k'u] hlt
k9fO{
k'/f lajflxtf 5f]/f 5f]/L a+z a'xf/L
xTs]nfdf
u[x>fd /d] Ps ;t\ k'?if l;xf/L ..
sf]nftL
k5{ w'lnv]naf6 #%lsld k"j{df
!%;o
ld6/ ;d'lGb| ;tx prfO{ txdf
#))
3/w'/L 5 j/k/ rr]{ #) 3/ klg
s]fzLkf/L uf]7]kfgLdf %3/ aGw'sf] 5 gL ..
Bf}/fnL,sf]nftL
7"nf] k;]{n cf;kf; ;a
j;fO{
;/L w'lnv]n cfPsf tYof+s nfut
cxf]
s] /+u e/of] x/] k|s[tLn] /DEo 6f/df
k']u
hGdg sfe|] n]s j]l; t/]nL kmf6df ..
bfË
/flKt t'n;Lk'/df e}/xjf ;alt/ slt
lrtjg,emfkf
t]x|y'd tfKn]h'Ë k'u] hlt
e]l6G5
aGw' 5l/Psf d]xg]tL s[lif n6/Dd
rng
plx 5 xl;nf df]l6nf ;GttL 8Dd ..
l/;
snx 5}g aGw'Tdf Pstf ykL clt
rng
plx 5 vfglkgdf u/ eG5' k|utL
bz}df
hdf/f nufO{ s'dfO{ egL x]lkbf
Go'g}
ePsf hUufdf klg v';n] sl;bf ..
kf5{f]{
jlze"t c?nfO{ ;]tf k+StL bGtn]
hf]lznf
km"lt{nf x'gfn] em'lDdG5g sGyn]
;du|
hg;+Vofsf] )=@ k|ltzt hg;+Vof
/dfp5g\
ljljw g]kfnL e"efu cTofGt ..
uf]/vf
M l;:g]/L ;]9fO{ al:tsf] em/]sf /]
lrtjg
cf;kf; j];L / sf7df08f} uP /]
a'9fkfsf
hGd hGd ljt] 3/ u[x:y s[lifdf
alnof
afËf 76of}nf 5f]/f 5f]/L lnO{ cf>odf ..
df]/8= M
k"vf{
lyP /fd k|;fb hf]lz ;]9fO{ k"sf{8=5f]8]
;Gtfg
c? klg 3/ ufFp e"ln a;fO{ ;a} ;/]
To:t}
c? lhNnfaf6 klg cfP/ a:5g 5l/P/
;dy/
;a{ ;'ljwfdf /d] sf] x]5{ hGdyt km]/ ..
emfkf M
k"vf{
/fd k|;fb ;]9fO{ k"sf{8=5f]8] hf]s/ afh]n]
;Gtfg
w]/} b'O{ 3/jf/n] a]l/P j+zh s[i0f bfOn]
wfgsf]
v]nf] Joj;fo v]ltg}, kl5 dw';'bg klg
bf]>f]
3/jf/kl5 emfkf ;/] hflu/] ;lrj alg ..
cf7/fO{ M
lzIfs
e]6 x'g' eof] tf]Sd] 8f8f tfKn]h'8=a:bf d
xl;nf
aGw' l;t )$$;fndf e]6 eof] xf]6ndf
pxfFg}
aGw'sf] cf]tkf]tdf nfUb} x'g'x'G5,;lGttLnfO{
;'Nemfpg'
x'G5 Pstf efjdf c? jlgtfx?nfO{ ..
gjnk/f;L M
;Gtfg
lhDd'jfn ;]9fO{ k"sf{8=5f]8] uP 5f]/f klg
hflu/]
a'5jndf b]j/fh /x] e"tfx gjnk/fl;
Ps
;Gtfg y'lD;df /x]sf 5g\ ;]9fO{ y/sf 3/
Xl;nf
plg klg 8'N5g Joj;fodf s[ifs x/fe/ ..
E}f/xjf M
k"vf{
lyP /fd k|;fb zdf{ ;]9fO{ >Ljflg 5f]8] s'G5f
w]/}
bfO{ efO{ ef/t a;]sf 8fS6/sf ;Gtfg x'g'x'g5
lrtjg
/ sf7df08f} b'3{6gf lat] bfHo' efpHo' efO{
;a
3/jf/] 5g\ clw/ dgsf Jokfl/ dx]Gb| zdf{ bfO{
lrtjg M
k"vf{
lyP o1 k|;fb ;]9fO{ k"sf{8=5f]8] sflG5 >Ldlt
kbdk'/
kl6xflg a;] 3/af/n] lktf /fds[i0f lzjl;t
uf}r/gdf
lzj,df]x bQsf lktf b'/f8f8faf6 cfPsf
/fh'sf
lktf nfx'/] k]G;g kl5 ksf}8Ldf km]lG; u/]sf ..
s'G5faf6
lrqaxfb'/sf efO{ d+unk'/ a;fO{ emb]{ u/]sf
k'sf{8=af6
lbks lai0f'sf efO{ e/tk'/ dfnkf]t em/]sf
To:t}
czf]ssf lktf rGb|sfGt k"j{ r}gk'/af6 cfPsf ..
k"sf{8=sf
/fh'sf k|]dsf a'af r}gk'/ nb/L a;]sf s[ifs
c? $
3/ k'/fgf] al:t 5f]l8 cgs} ;ldk If]qdf cfl>t
e/tk'/
gu/kflnsfdf c? 5g\ aGw'sf] ;Dks{df gcfPSf
8f
nf]s a,l;=lk,/fddl0f ;]jfu|flx 5g\ xl:k6ndf /x]sf
k"lj{
lrtjgsf] 88'jf / e08/fdf wflb8= l;:g]/Lsf aGw'
5l/Psf
5g\ c? 7fpaf6 cfP/ al:t a;fO{ cfw'lgs
;Ifd
e]l6G5g ;a Kof/f] aGw' Pstf vf]Hb} /dfpb} ..
sf7df08f} M
/]l8of]af6
e]6 x'g] tf/f bfO{, ljB'tsf lai0f' pkWofo
e]6]g/L
8f=x'g'x'G5 ef]6flxl6 5]p To:t} ;Gtfg pxfsf
wflb8=,/;'jf,sfe|],nDh'8]=tg'xsf
aGw' pqtq 3/al:tdf
/xg5g\
cflnzfgn] v} slxn] ;DemG5g\ ufp 3/df ..
hflu/]
atfp5g\ a]km';{bL 5f]/f 5f]/L lar aGw'Tj b]lv
cfzfdf
s] s'g ;b\ult km'N5 /< ;Dem] Cbosf] /]lv
cfzdf
df]km;nsf dfjnL ;;'/fnL v'; 5g\ dg leq}
PsfTds
aGw'Tj 56k6fpnf la;{b} , a++zh 5}g ldq} ..
cGo
yn yftf]af6 kfNg'x'g] aGw' xfld kfx'gf g} ofqsf]
;f]lr
;lDemlbg' hGde"ld / b'lv klg ;xofq xf] ;'vsf]
x]/L
dft/L 3/ uf]/]6f]n] :jfut aGw'nfO{ w]/ ug{ kfp
oxlnnf
ul/ljdfly aGw' ;+zo x6fpb} a? ;]jfdf hfp ..
:jefj M
cfkmgf
ePsf n'uf u/ uxgf nxgfdf ;]9fO{
;efsf
cg'ofoL eb| g/d lzkfn' a:5g /dfO{
glnO{
clN5kgf / lgb|f tGb| TofUg] hfuf x/bd
gl/;fpg]
lg8/ Toflu h'D;f]kgf wgn] x/3/ ..
ljBfdf
k'/f wgn] ljk' jflg km"lQ{kgfsf /xbf
csf{sf]
nxnx} Toflu :jhgn] rf}t/Ldf j;bf
;6{
kfO{G6 6fO{ ;'6df klx/gn] 5f]/f 5f]/L 5fl6bf
u'Go'
rf]nL n'uL rf}alGb l:j6/n] u[xl0f /xbf ..
cldnf]
lk/f] ;bf zfxfsf/L ef]hn] eft l98f] vfbf
;'sfPsf]
;fu u]8fu'8L t]nxg / bnxg pAhfpbf
algG5
gl/;fO{ :j:km"t{ :yflgo lut u'gu'gfpbf
sdfO{
Go"g jf 5/k|i6 eP /x] u[x:y>d /dfpbf ..
agfO{
Pstfn] lzIff :jf:Yo vfgf wd{ ;+:s[tL
dgfO{
rf8 yfgL dflg lxdw'M uf]/f algtf cfs[tL
c?df
dgdf gljemg] afl0f pBf]u wGb}sf s[tL
s]lx
5}g g/dLkgf afx]s ;]9fO{df c? ;[li6 ..
;s]
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clgjfo{ x'G5
xfldn] ljutb]lv jt{dfg\ ;do;Dd
cfO{k'Ub5 ..
xfd|f k~rfËx? cog cGt{ut tof/
ul/Ptf klg
xfn d]if ljif'j ;+qmflGt,ss{6
;+qmflGt, ;a clg
t'nf ljif'j ;+qmflGt / ds/
;+qmflGt cflbdf x'bf
cogsf] ult,rf8kj{x? dgfpg] k/Dk/fdf
gx'bf ..
k[YjLsf] ult dfly b}lgs kg]{ cGo
l5d]sL an
lk08x?sf] u'?Tjansf] c;/ tyf lk08 ;uf]n
leq}af6 pTklt x'g] sDkgn]
cGtl/Iffsf s'g} 7fpFmdf
ldng x'g qmflGtj[t(Ecliptic)/ vuf]lno d08ndf ..
ljif'j(Celestial Equator)/]vfx? ;w} Ps}7fpdf
e]6x'g ;Sb}g
x/]s aif{ %)=@# ;]s]08sf]
km/s–km/s :yfg
e]6 x'bf ljif'j laGb' (Equinox) n] cGt/LIffdfg
7fpm 5f]8\b} klZrd a9\5,a'em :jhg
..
;f]lx :yfgsf] cfwf/ lnP/ x/]s aif{
x'G5
log} cfwf/df dg'io k~rfËx? tof/
ul/G5
k~rfËx? tof/ ug]{ d"n cfwf/
k[YjL-;"o{_sf]
tyf rGb|df ePsf lk08 / oL ;donfO{ b'j}sf]
..
clËsf/ ug'{ kbf{ aflif{s ;dosf]
km/s slxG5
@# ld=%)=%^ ;] n] ubf{
clwsdf;-dndf;_ 5
/ Ifodf;sf] ;dosf] hl6ntf pTkGg ult
x'G5
olx rng /xg] / cog ult ePsf] ul0ft
aG5 ..
cogsf] ult;u} xfldn] rf8kj{x?
dgfpbf x/3/
rGb|aif{nfO{ ;f}o{aiff{df ldnfg
ug]{ sfo{ af/Djf/
gug'{ ;dosf] cGt/fndf bf]xf]/L
/xG5
;gftg h] 5 plx ;bfjxf/ rln/xG5 .
cogsf] ultnfO{ rGb|aif{df ;dfj]z
gub}
:jtGq?kn] agfpb} hfFbf Ps lsl;dn]
l7s}
klg x'G5 lsgsL, lbg / /ft k[YjLsf]
ultaf6
x'g] xf] /f]lsGg of] klg lbg/ftsf]
:jrngaf6 ..
;Totf ;"o{n] /flzrqmnfO{
;f]em} ef]u ub]{gg\ ,
of] t sfNklgs ef]u dfq xf] s[ltd
rNb}gg\ .
rGb|u|x0f / ;"o{ u|x0f ,
k[YjL,;"o{ / rGb|dfsf]
lgoldt ultdf cfwl/t 36gf rqm x'g ;frf] ..
cGo vuf]lno lk08x?sf u|x0fx? ;a}
;f}o{d08lnof
ult rqmdf cfwfl/t 5g\ 3'Db5g
gfelsof
ltly-rGb|snf_ k[YjL rGb|dfsf]
b}lgs ultdf
cfwl/t sf]l0fo km/sdf k[YjLaf6
b]lvg] :yfgdf ..
h;nfO{ qmflGtj[tdf !@ l8lu|sf]
sf]0fdf gflKfG5
rGb|dfn] k[YjLnfO{ lgoldt kl/qmdf
ul//xbf x'G5
;+u ;u} gIfqrqm / /flzrqmnfO{ klg kl/qmdf
e} /xG5g\ cfk:tdf of] ;bf x'g] ;To
kl/rqmdf ..
;"o{nfO{ ;dfj]z gu/fO{sg
rGb|df / k[YjLsf]
cGt/ ;DjGwaf6 klg k~rfËx? X'G5
ag]sf]
xfd|f rf8kj{x? ;a} ltlydf cfwfl/t
ePsf]
x'gfn] ltlynfO{g} ;jf]{kl/ dfg]/
rGb|aif{sf] ..
rf8kj{ dgfpb} hfg' qmdut pko'Qm
7xl/G5
cogsf] ult,Ct' kl/jt{g ;do cGt{ut 5
vuf]lno ultljlw,wd{ tyf ;+:s[tLsf
dfgljo
k/Dk/f cnucnu laifox? x'g zlQm g/
ej ..
wd{ ;+:s[tLnfO{ cGt/LIfLo ul0ft;+u
hf]8\g' kb]{g
axsfp e8sfp tYolxg cfwf/ g]kfnL sj}
hfb}g
;do laTb} hfbf rf8 kj{x?klg
rGb|dfsf] snf
cGt{ut dgfpb} hfg' pko'Qm x'G5 x}g
kf7zfnf ..
;d:t rf8kj{x?nfO{ rGb|dfsf] ltlydf
cfwfl/t
eP/ Jojl:yt ug]{ / ;f}o{d08lno cGo
lgoldt
36gfqmd nfO{ ;f}o{ aif{ ;d]t
;+DnUg u/fO{ l/t
u|x s'08nL wd{ k~rfËx? tof/ ug'{
;do ;fk]If
kmn} cg';f/sf] pknlAw 5 lxGb' bz{g
lxt ;dIf ..
w'j|
k[YjLn] ;"o{nfO{ kl/qmdf ug]{
l;nl;nfdf k[YjLsf] w'/f
-d]?b08_sf] pQ/L w'j{(North Pole),blIf0fL w'j|{(South pole) sf] b'a} w'j|{ tkm{sf 6'Kkfn] cGgt cfsf;df b]vfp5
Pp6f ljzfn j[t (Great Circle) :ki6 agfp5g\ ..
j[tsf] kl/lwdf k[YjLn] aflif{s )
l8=) ld %)=#) ;] sf] sf]0fLo rfksf] ultdf kl/qmdf ub]{ hfbf @%*)) aif{ef]
ul0flto ,zfl:qo zlQmdf ! j[t k'/f
;dfojlwsf] x'G5
o;}nfO{ cogfz+ rqm (Precesional Cycle) klg elgG5 .. of]
rqm k[YjLsf] vuf]lno w'j|{(Celestial
pole ) sf] k|ltlglw w'j|{ tf/f x'b} 3l8sf] ljkl/t lbzfaf6
kl/qmsf]
3'Dbf 8/fsf] tf/f ;d"xdf kg]{
e]uf tf/f,cNkm8«fsf]lgS;
tf/ x'b} k'gM @%*)) aif{ k5fl8 /xG5
;do 5 lkmS; ..
vuf]lno pQ/ lbzfsf] k|ltlglw w'j|{
tf/df g} cfPsf]
Ps rqm k'/f u5{g olx g} k[YjLsf]
vuf]lno w'j|{sf]
j[t rqm (Circular Cycle) alg tf/f ;d'x ;asf]
cogfz+ x'b} ;do kl/jlt{t 5 x}g
x7ft dg'iosf] ..
;gftlgo >'lt cg';f/ ;d:t
a|Xff08sf] k'/ftg
pQ/L w'j|{ w'j|{tf/f dfq} x'g c? t a'Efm\g} sl7g
k[YjLsf] vuf]lno w'j|{ ultsf]
sf/0faf6 x/ ;do
kl/jt{glzn 5 kl/jt{g x'b}gg a|Xff08sf]
eo ..
w'j|{,l:y/ 5 5}g c?sf] o;k|sf/sf]
k'/ftg lqmof
ultlzn cj:yfdf ePsf ;a} lsl;dsf
vuf]lno
lk08x?sf] 6'Kkfn] a|Xff08sf] cgGt
cGtl/Ifdf
cf–cfkmg} lsl;dsf w'j|{Lo j[tx?
qmd} Afgfpbfdf ..
k[YjLsf] pQ/L w'j|{, a|Xff08sf]
pQ/L w'j|{(Celestial
North Pole)
;g\ @)%) ;Dd l7s tndfly ;f]em}
/xg] 5,u/ uj{
jt{dfg\ ;dodf k[YjLsf] pQ/L
w'j|{df pleP/ x]bf{ klg
w'j|{ tf/f lz/ dfly g} b]vf k5{g
slt ;Totf 5 clg ..
cfhsfn k[YjLsf] vuf]lno pQ/L w'j|{
w'j|{ tf/fdf
/x]sf] 5 a'em #))) aif{ cuf8L pQm
w'j|{ x'bfdf
cNkmf8«fsf]lgS; tf/fdf lyof] /
!@))) aif{ k5f8L
pQm w'j|{ clelht(Vega)gIfq tf/f ;d'xdf
k'Ug] 5 gL ..
@))) aif{ cuf8L j;Gtljif'j ljGb'(Vernal Equinox)d]if
/flz tf/f ;d'xsf] clZjgL gIfqdf
/x]sf] lyof laif]z
t/ jt{dfg ;dodf pQm laGb' ldg/flz
tf/f ;d'xdf
5,w'j|{tf/fnfO{ ;g\@)%);Dd
k[YjLsf] vuf]lno w'j|{df ..
a|Xff08sf] s]Gb|ljGb'
jt{dfg ;do ;Dd c1ft g} 5 a|Xff08sf]
s]Gb|ljGb'
;d:t cGtl/Iff dWo efu of] g} xf]
lglZrt eGg] laGb'
ls6fgLsf ;fy eGg ;lsb}g,eGg ;lsg]
cfwf/e"t
;+/rgfx? s]–s] x'g eGg] HjnGt
k|df0f 5}g s]lGb|s[t ..
ef}lts j}1flgsx?;+u cfwf/ 5}g s]lx
klg ;+uf]n
ultlzn a|Xff08sf Hof]lt lk08x?n]
cGtl/If uf]n
(Celesteial
Sphere)dfagfPsf] k|s[tLsf] :jfles k|lqmof
cGt{ut
lgdf{0f ePsf Ps cfk;df e]6 x'g]
ldng laGb'sf]
cGtl/If g} a|Xff08sf] cjf:tljs s]Gb| ljGb' xf]
.. lvlrPsf sfNkflgs a|Xff08sf] uf]n Sphere df cfwf/e"t /]vfx? Hf:t} vuf]lno, dWo ljif'j /]vfdf , vuf]lno
s]lGb|o b]zfGt/ /]vf / dqmflGtj[t cflb 5g\
vuf]lno uf]nsf] s]Gb|af6 qm; eP/
cuf8L a9\5g\ ..
jf/kf/ tL /]vfn] agfPsf] j[tnfO{
a[xt j[t slxG5
oLg} j[xt j[tx?sf] Ps cfk;df
sfl6Psf] ljGb' aG5
;f]lx g} vuf]lno uf]nsf] s]Gb|
ljGb' eP/ kl/jt{glzn 5
of] s]Gb| ljGb' k[YjLsf] ult
lk08sf] 9NsfO{df cfwfl/t 5
;f}o{d08n / k[YjL
:jtGq cl:tTjdf /x]sf] cfsflzo :yfg
xf] ;f}/d08n
h;df ;fgf 7"nf ul/ @,^,* j6f
h8 kbfly{o lk08x?
/xG5g\ o; d08n;+u /flz,tf/f,gIfqsf]
vf;} cGt/
;DaGw /x]sf] 5}g tYo olx g} 5,5}g
laif]z dGt/ ..
lsgsL ;f}o{ d08n b]lv tf/fk'~hx?
A[fXt/ of]hg
;of} k|sfzaif{ 6f9f /x]sf 5g\ ;Sb}gf}
xfld ;Demg
;"o{n] /flz tyf gIfqsf]
rqmnfO{ ub]{gg kl/qmdf
t/ ;f}o{ d08nsf cGo lk08x?n]
;"o{nfO{ qmddf ..
kl/qmdf ubf{ Ps};fy /flz tyf gIfq
rqmnfO{ klg
Ps} ;dodf kl/qmdf u5{g , 3]/L
;"o{rqm aG5 gL
h;l/ k[YjLn] sIfaf6 ;"o{nfO{
/!@j6} /flz 3'Db5
gfelso zlQmn] tyf @&j6}
gIfqnfO{ kl/qmdf ub{5 ..
;"o{ s'g} /flz jf tf/f
;d'x;+u ;dofGt/df k|j]z
ug]{ tyf lg:sg] clb klg ub]{gg\
x'b}g s'g} cfj]z
;f}o{d08lno ult,;dosf] wf/sf]
j]udf cfsf; u+ufsf]
s]Gb| laGb'nfO{ nfdf] ;do nufP/
kl/qmdf lg/Gt/tfsf] ..
h;/L k[YjLn] ;"o{nfO{ kl/qmdf
ub{l5g lbg /ft jf lqmof
;f}o{d08nsf zlQmzfln / 7"nf
lk08 dfq x'g ;"o{ .
pg}sf] cfs{if0f zlQmdf cGo ;fgf
7"nf u|x cflb 5g\
lk08fbLn] ;an] ;"o{nfO{g}
kl/qmdf ;bf ul//xG5g\ ..
cGo c1ft u|xx?df / k[YjLdf lbg x'g',
jf /ftL
Ct'sf] kl/jt{g x'g' cflbdf k[YjLsf]
b}lgs ult h'g
/ aflif{s ult tyf 9NsfO{ sf]0fg}
sf/s tTj x'g .
;f}o{ d08nsf ;fgf 7"nf ;a}
vfn] lk08nfO{ k[YjL
;"o{,u'?Tjansf] zlQmn] ;"o{s}
cfwf/n] ;bf 3'dL ..
k[YjLsf] 3'dfO{af6 ljif'jljGb' (Equinox) x?sf]
pTklt ePsf] 5 .
k[YjLsf] 3'dfO{af6 ;"o{nfO{
/flzx?sf] j[tdf /xG5
sfNkflgs dfu{ -k/qmflGt j[t_ df
3'dfO{Psf] 5 ,
/flz jf gIfq If]qdf ;[li6 lqmof k|j]z
u/fPsf] 5 .
k[YjLsf] 9NsfO{sf] l:ytLaf6
pQ/fo0f / blIf0fogsf]
dfu{ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 jf:tljs
rqm qmd k|j]zsf]
k[YjL / cGo vuf]lno h8 lk08x?sf]
s]Gb|af6 pTklt
x'g] sDkg tyf cfs{if0f zlStsf]
;+o'Qm zlQmaf6
(Precession)sf] pTklt ePsf] 5 .
k[YjLsf] 3'dfO{af6 ! aif{sf]
;dosf] dfg lgwf{/0f
dfg+s Hof]ltif jf u0fs Hof]ltif ulgPsf]
5 .
rGb|dfsf] 3'dfO{af6 ! dlxgfsf]
;dodfg lgwf{/0f
ul/Psf] 5 . h:sf] cfwf/ ltlyaf6
u0fgf ul/G5 .
k[YjLsf] e"dWo /]vfnfO{
rf/}tkm{ cGtl/Iffdf a9fpbf
vuf]lno dWo /]vf (Celestial Equator) sf] lgdf{0f
x'G5 .
k[YjLsf] sIfnfO{ /flz / gIfqsf]
;txdf k|nDjtf
(Prozection) ul/ a9fpbf
;"o{sf] af6f] k/dqmflGt j[t (Eceliptic) sf] lgdf{0f x'G5 . k[YjLs}
Graticulus sf]
cfwf/ lnP/ cjf:tljs ultlzn a|Xff08df cIffFz
(Declination) / b]zfGt/ (Rightascension) sf] sNkgf ul/ ;d:t
cfsfz el/ k|If]k0f ul/Psf] 5 .
cog
k[YjLn] 3'Dg]
af6f]nfO{ sIf elgG5, of] ;dtng / uf]nflds ;txdf /x]sf] 5 . olx ;txdf lvlrPsf] nDj;+u k[YjLsf] d]?b08;+u
@# l8=@# ld=sf] sf]0fdf 9lNsPsf] 5 . ;d:t k[YjLsf] lk08g} 9lNsPsf] sf/0faf6
k[YjLsf] e"dWo /]vfsf] uf]nflds ;tx klg 9lNsPs} 5 . xfd|f] cfsfz u+uf pk–
a|Xff08df lvlrPsf sfNklgs u|l6s'N;x? k[YjLsf] ;txdf lvlrPsf cIffz / b]zfGt/x?nfO{
alx/ cGtl/Ifdf km}nfP/ sNkgfaf6 tof/ ul/Psf x'g\ . oL sNkgf ul/ cgGt cfsf;df
a9fO{Psf /]vfx?sf cf–cfkmg} lsl;dsf laif]ztfx? /x]sf 5g\ . k[YjL cfkmgf] sIfdf
/x]/ ;"onfO{ kl/qmdf ub]{ hfbf ;dtng k/dqmflGt j[t / vuf]lno dWo /]vf tyf
vuf]lno s]lGb|o b]zfGt/ /]vfx? x/]s aif{sf] @! Dffr{ / @! ;]K6]Dj/sf] dWofGgdf
Ps cfk;df cgGt cfs;df e]6 x'bf @# l8#) ld=sf] sf]l0fo dfgsf] lgdf{0f x'G5 . lo
lgdf{0f ePsf laGb'nfO{ ljif'j ljGb' elgG5 . ldg /flz tf/f ;d'xsf] cfsf;df @!
Dfr{df pTklt x'g] ldng ljGb'nfO{ a;Gt ;Dkft ljif'j laGb' gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
o;} ul/ t'nf /flz tf/f ;d'xsf] cfsf;df @! ;]K6]Dj/df pTklt x'g] ldng ljGb'nfO{
z/b;Dkfb ljif'jljGb' gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] 5 . k[YjLsf] ultsf] sf/0faf6 lo laGb'x?n]
k/dqmflGt j[tsf] kl/lwdf x/]s aif{ %)=@# ;]s]08sf] sf]0fdf klZrd tkm{ 7fp ;b]{
kl/jlt{t cj:yfdf 3'ld/xbf x/]s @%*)) aif{sf] ;do nufP/ k/dqmflGt j[tdf Ps rqm
k'/f ub{5g\ .
cgGt cGtl/Ifdf
k[YjLn] ;"o{nfO{ lg/Gt/ kl/qmdf ul//xbf 3'dGt] k[YjL dfly kg]{
;"o{,rGb|df / c: cGo u|xx?sf] cfs{if0f zlQmsf] k|efjn] k[YjLnfO{ cfqmd0f
ul//xG5 . o;l/ cfqmd0f ul//xbf k[YjLdf Ps cgf}7f] rfnsf] pTklt x'G5 . h;nfO{ af6 lrgf/L ul/G5 .cfs{if0f zlQmsf]
k|efj :j?k sIfsf] dfu{ l;wf geO{sg bfof,afof ,tn dfly tyf afËf] l6Ëf] / cIfsf
b'a} 6'Kkfx? ;f]lnsf] cfsf/df kl/jt{g eP/ vuf]lno uf]ndf j[xt j[tsf] lgdf{0f
x'G5 . k[YjLsf] cIfsf] 6'KkfnfO{ of] rqm k'/f ug{ @%*)) aif{sf] ;do nfUb5 . olx
j[xtj[tsf] kl/lw g} k[YjLsf] vuf]lno w'j| xf] .
k[YjLsf] e"dWo
/]vfnfO{ rf/} tkm{ a9fP/ kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] vuf]lno dWo cIffz /]vf / k[YjLsf]
sIfnfO{ tf/fsf] k[i6e'lddf k/nDltf ul/ a9fO{PSf] /flzx?sf] ;txdf af6 .
Tff/f
lgdf{0fsf cfwf/e't ;fdfu|L
cfwf/e't :yn M
cgGt cfsfz g} lk08 ;[li6n] v]Ng] d}bfg / pTkltsf] :yfg xf] . h;df nfdf] ;dosf]
cGt/fndf vuf]lno lk08sf] pTklt / ljgfzsf] k|lqmof lg/Gt/ bf]xf]/fO{ /xG5 .
sf/s tTj
M tf/f nufotsf vuf]lno h8 lk08nfO{ pTklt ug]{ d'Vo tTjx?
Afnjfg ;do ,;f]lx cGt{ut cGt/LIfdf cgfoz pTklt eP/ qmlds lasf; x'b} hfg] Nebula à Nebula
massàHydrogen gasàHelium gasàGravityàProtostar sf] pTklt kbfly{o zlSt tfk,k|sfz / /+Ëdf ablnG5 . tf/fsf] lk08 rDsg
;'? ub{5 .tf/fsf] lk08x? pTktL ePsf] nfvf} aif{ k5f8L 7"nf tf/fx?sf]
larsf] cGtl/Ifdf tf/fx?af6 5f]l8Psf],kmflnPsf] jf lgl:sPsf] kbfy{ h;nfO{ Intersteller matter elgG5 . o;n]
cGtl/Ifdf 7fp lnG5 / qmdzM tf/f pTkltsf] nflu ;xof]u ub{5 .
Ct"
kl/jt{g M
Ct" kl/jt{gsf
cfwf/e't ;do @! Dffr{,@! Hf'g,@! ;]K6]Dj/ / @! l8;]Dj/sf lbgx'F .
@! Dffr{ / @!
;]K6]Dj/sf lbg ;"o{ vuf]lno dWocIffFz /]vf ))sf] Equinox df /xbf k[lYjsf]
e'–dWo /]vf ;"o{sf] ;fd'Gg] k5{ . k'/} k[YjLn] ;dfg ;dosf] k|sf; kfp5 .
lbg / /ft ;+;f/ e/L a/fa/sf] x'G5 . pQm cjlwdf kmfNu'g,r}q,a}iffv dlxgfx?df
j;Gt Ct' / efb|f ,clZjg sflt{s dlxgfx?df z/b Ct' x'G5 . o;} ul/ @! Hf'gsf]
dWoGGfsf] ;dodf ;"o{ vuf]lno pQ/L cIffFz @#) #)' sf] IF]fqdf /xbf klYjLsf] ss{6
/]vf dfly ;"o{sf] k|sfz ;fd'Gg] k5{ . ;"o{ pQf/fo0fsf] r/d laGb'df
k'Ubfsf] ;do h]i7,ciff9 / >fj0f dlxgfx?df u|[idCt' x'G5 . @! l8;]Dj/sf]
dWoGGfsf] ;dodf ;"o{ vuf]lno blIf0fL cIffFz @#) #)' sf] IF]fqdf /xbf klYjLsf] ds/
/]vf dfly ;"o{sf] k|sfz ;fd'Gg] k5{ . ;"o{ blIf0fogsf] r/d laGb'df
k'Ubfsf] ;do dfu{,kf}if / df3 dlxgfx?df lztCt' x'G5 .
·
cGt/LIfdf ljif'j jf ;Ddkft ljGb' Equinox sf] Ps aif{df b'O{
k6s pTklt x'G5 . h;nfO{ a;Gt ;Dkft ljif'j laGb' / z/b ;Dkft ljif'j laGb' elgG5
. o;} ul/ cog kl/jt{gsf] ;do klg aif[df @ k6s x'G5 . h;nfO{ lzt / u|[id Solstice elgG5 .
·
@! Hf'gsf] ;do k[YjLsf] pQ/L w'|j
;a}eGbf al9 ;"o{tkm{ 9lNsPsf] x'G5 . blIf0fL uf]nf4{sf] ck]IFff pQ/L
uf]nf4{n] al9 ;do k|sf; / tfkqmd kfp5 .
·
@! l8;]Dj/sf] ;do k[YjLsf] blIf0fL
w'|j ;a}eGbf al9 ;"o{ tkm{ 9lNsPSf] x'G5 . pQ/L uf]nf4{sf] ck]IFff blIf0fL
uf]nf4{n] al9 ;do k|sf; / tfks|d kfp5 .
·
@! Hf'g b]lv pQ/L uf]nf4{df tfkqmd
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Hari Prasad
Current
businessman
Education
B.A it
Industry
Accounting/Taxation/Finance
About Hari Prasad Prasad Sedhayn
enquiers Sedhayn cast kumai birth place and aboard,unifiy
and conduct social work.
Hari Prasad Prasad Sedhayn ’s experience
Admin/ Facilities Mgr at Chitwanjobs & e
commerce service, Narayanghat, Nepal
February 2011 – Currently Working
Industry: Accounting/Taxation/Finance
Functional area: HR / Administration / IR
Training,skill HR supply,Tax,pan,vat and billing
payment,Train
ticketing,plane ticketing,hotel booking.
ticketing,plane ticketing,hotel booking.
Hari Prasad Prasad Sedhayn ’s education
B.A [it],
BCA 80credit hour,pokhara university [Currently,Studying] ,
Narayangarh, Nepal
Hari Prasad Prasad Sedhayn ’s additional
information
Interests:
Community service,Castoriginity research
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